Universal Democracy - Way of Global peace

শনিবার, ৩ মার্চ, ২০১২

মুক্তির পথ -Universal Democracy

সোমবার, ২০ ফেব্রুয়ারী, ২০১২

পরিবর্তনের পথ-মুক্তির পথ

বৃহস্পতিবার, ১৯ জানুয়ারী, ২০১২

Way of making Bangladesh as our dream.

¯^‡cœi evsjv‡`k Movi c_ - BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmx

Universal Democracy-Way of making

Bangladesh

as our dream

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1| ivRbxwZi aiY cwieZ©b : †MvUv RvZxi Rxe‡b Z_v mgvR e¨ve¯’vq I ivwóªq KvUv‡gvq cwieZ©b mva‡bi cÖavbZg gva¨g n‡”Q ivRbxwZ| wKš‘ cÖPwjZ ivRbxwZ Øviv Avgv‡`i mgv‡R I iv‡óª †Kvb fvj cwieZ©b Avkv Kiv hvq bv e‡j me©v‡MÖ cÖ‡qvRb ivRbxwZi ¸bMZ cweeZ©b mvab Kiv| G j‡¶ mevi Av‡M ivRbxwZ PP©vi aib, ivRbxwZ Kivi bxwZ-†KŠkj Ges ivR‰bwZK ¶gZvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZi †¶‡Î cwieZ©b Avb‡Z n‡e Ges RbM‡bi cÖ_g I cÖavb j¶¨ A_©‰bwZK gyw³ AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j A_©‰bwZK †kvl‡bi cÖavbZg gva¨g Ô`ybx©wZÕ ‡K mgvR Z_v ivóª †_‡K mgy‡j DrcvVb Ki‡Z n‡e| ivRbxwZ‡Z mr , †hvM¨ I †`k‡cÖwgK gvby‡li †bZ…Z¡ wbwðZ Kiv bv †M‡j RbM‡bi †Kvb AvkvB cyY© n‡Z cv‡i bv| GRb¨ me©v‡MÖ cweeZ©b Avb‡Z n‡e ivRbxwZi ¸Yvejx‡Z I Pwi‡Î| Zvn‡jB mgv‡R I iv‡óª cÖ‡qvRbxq cweeZ©b mva‡bi †¶‡Î ivRbxwZ kw³kvjx fywgKv ivL‡Z m¶g n‡e Ges ivRbxwZwe`iv ‡`k‡cÖg I mZZv Øviv PvwjZ n‡e| †h MbZvwš¿K e¨ve¯’vq ivRbxwZ RbMb‡K wRw¤§ evbv‡bvi Kv‡R mg_©b †`q, †h MbZvwš¿K Av`k© †`‡ki RbMb‡K Amnvq wkKvi evwb‡q `y`©kvq †d‡j ivRbxwZi kw³-Aw¯’Z¡ cÖKvk K‡i Ges †h MYZ‡š¿ ivRbxwZKiv MbZvwš¿K AwaKvi PP©vi bv‡g †`‡k ˆbivR¨Ki cwiw¯’wZ m„wó Kivi ¯^vaxbZv i‡q‡Q-‡mB cuPv-evmx MYZš¿‡K BwZnv‡mi cvZvq Qz‡o †d‡j †`qvi mgq G‡m‡Q| mgq G‡m‡Q bZzbZi MYZ‡š¿i Av`‡k© Dw¾weZ nIqvi|

BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi bxwZ-Av`k© wfwËK ivRbxwZi PP©v Kivi gva¨‡g RbM‡bi iv‡óª RbM‡bi cyY© AwaKvi I cyY© wbqš¿b cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z n‡e, †`‡ki ivRbxwZ I ivRbxwZK‡`i Dci RbM‡bi cyY© wbqš¿b cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges RbM‡bi miKvi Øviv RbM‡bi AwfcÖvq Abyhvqx wcwQ‡q cov RbM‡bi Dbœqb‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q iv‡óªi mKj gvby‡li I iv‡óªi Dbœqb wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

cweeZ©‡bi ivRbxwZi cªavb j¶¨ n‡e me©ve¯’vq me©¯’‡ii RbMb‡K ivwóªq myi¶v e¨ve¯’vi AvIZvq G‡b cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi mgyn wbwðZ Kiv | GB †¶‡Î gvby‡li wb‡b¥ ewb©Z 10 wU ‡gŠwjK AwaKvi‡K wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q, h_v (1) : ¯^vaxbZv †fv‡Mi AwaKvi(ejvi, PjvPj Kivi I KvR Kivi) †fv‡Mi AwaKvi, (2) Rxeb i¶v‡_© wbivcËv jv‡fi AwaKvi, (3) Rxeb i¶vi Rb¨ Lv`¨ cÖvwßi AwaKvi, (4) m¤£g i¶vi Rb¨ e¯¿ cÖvwßi AwaKvi, (5) evm¯’vb jv‡fi AwaKvi, (6) wk¶v jv‡fi AwaKvi, (7) ¯^v¯’¨†mev cÖvwßi AwaKvi, (8) b¨vq wePvi cvIqvi AwaKvi, (9) kvwš—‡Z mgvRe× n‡q evm Kivi AwaKvi Ges (10) ‡fvU cÖ`v‡bi Ges †fvU cÖZ¨vnv‡ii AwaKvi|

Ges cwieZ©‡bi ivRbxwZi j¶¨ AR©‡bi gva¨g n‡e, RbM‡bi Øviv MwVZ Rb-msMV‡bi gva¨‡g RbM‡bi AwfcÖvq Abyhvqx RbM‡bi mvwe©K Kj¨v‡bi Rb¨ m„ó e¨ve¯’v Z_v cyb© MbZvwš¿K e¨ve¯’v -‡h cÖwµqvq ivóª cwiPvjbvi cÖwZwU Kv‡R me©vwaK gvÎvq RbM‡bi cÖZ¨¶-c‡iv¶ Ask MÖnb wbwðZ n‡e Ges ivóª cwiPvjbvi Kv‡R RbM‡bi me©vwaK wbqš¿Y cªwZwôZ n‡e Ges RbM‡bi Kv‡Q ivRbxwZwe`‡`i I iv‡óªi Kgx©‡`i `vqe×Zv I Revew`nxZv wbwðZ Kivi gva¨‡g MbZvwš¿K mykvmb cÖwZwôZ n‡e|

Ges cwieZ©‡bi ivRbxwZ PP©vi gyj bxwZ n‡e-me©ve¯’vq kvwš— I k„sLjvcyY© Ges MVb gyjK|

Ges cweeZ©‡bi ivR‰bwZK ¶gZvi cÖ‡qvM bxwZ n‡e, mgv‡Ri mve©Rwbb mgm¨v mgyn‡K wPwýZ Kiv Ges †m mgm¨v¸wj ‡_‡K †`k I RvZx‡K gy³ Kivi KvR‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv Ges ‡mB mv‡_ mgv‡Ri wcwQ‡q _vKv gvbyl‡`i RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœqb Kivi KvR‡K AMÖvwaKvi †`qvi gva¨‡g me©¯’‡ii I me †kªYxi gvby‡li Rxeb hvÎvi gv‡bvbœq‡bi e¨ve¯’v K‡i iv‡óªi µ‡gvbœwZ wbwðZ Kiv|

2| ivRbxwZi c_ cwieZ©b : eZ©gv‡bi ivR‰bwZK `j¸wj ‡h c_ w`‡q G¸‡”Q-Zv Avgv‡`i mK‡ji †Pbv| ‡mB e„wUk Avgj †_‡K ‡h c_ w`‡q P‡j Avm‡Q, Avgv‡`i ivRbxwZ GL‡bv †m c‡_B Av‡Q| †Kvb bZzbZ¡ †bB, †bB †Kvb Avkv RvMv‡bv ïf j¶b| eis i‡q‡Q ax‡i ax‡i wech©‡q wbcwZZ nIqvi mgyn m¤¢vebv| Avi hvB †nvK GK_v wbwðZfv‡e ejv hvq †h, Gc_ Avgv‡`i Rb¨ g½‡ji bq| `xN© PwjkwU eQi Gc‡_ P‡j †Zgb wKQzB cvBwb| hv †c‡qwQ Zv mg¯’ Avkv-AvKvsLv‡K ¤vb K‡i †`q| ZvB bZzb c_ LyR‡Z n‡e| bZzb c‡_ hvÎv Kiv GLb AwZ Ri“ix n‡q c‡o‡Q| ‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK `j¸wj †_‡K eZ©gvb cwew¯’wZ‡Z bZzb †Kvb c‡_ cv evov‡bvi Avkv Kiv hvq bv| Avgv‡`i‡KB bZzb c‡_i mÜvb Ki‡Z n‡e|

we‡k¦i AZxZ BwZnv‡mi w`‡K j¶¨ Ki‡j Avgiv ‡`L‡Z cvB †h, KL‡bv †Kv_vI cÖPwjZ ivRbxwZi Øviv eo †Kvb cweeZ©b mvwaZ nqwb| cweeZ©b n‡q‡Q RbM‡bi D‡`¨v‡M Ges mvaviY gvby‡li ØvivB| Avgv‡`i‡KI †mB BwZnvm †_‡K wk¶v wb‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡`i KvswLZ cwieZ©b Avgv‡`i‡KB Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡`i‡KB c_ Avwe¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e- Avgv‡`i B”QvB Avgv‡`i kw³, Avgv‡`i BwZnvm Avgv‡`i †cÖibv Ges Avgv‡`i j¶¨B Avgv‡`i c_ cÖ`k©K| c_ cwieZ©‡bi B”Qvq cv evov‡jB †`L‡ev bZzb c_, bZzb cwe‡ek Avi bZzb Mš—e¨ cÖZx¶v Ki‡Q Avgv‡`i eiY Kivi Rb¨|

cwiewZ©Z ivRbxwZi c_ n‡e kvwš— I k„sLjvcyY© Ges MVbgyjK| bZzb c‡_i ivRbxwZ †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB RbM‡bi kvwš—cyY© RxebhvÎv‡K wewNœZ Ki‡e bv, mvgvwRK k„sLjv‡K e¨vnZ Ki‡e bv, gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi ¶zbœ Ki‡e bv Ges †`‡ki Dbœqb Kg©KvÛ‡K †Kvbfv‡eB evavMÖ¯— Kivi c‡_ hv‡e bv| MbZ‡š¿i bv‡g wKQz gvbyl‡K wec‡_ Pvwj‡q R¡vjvI ‡cvovI Kiv, fvsPzi Kiv, mgv‡R wek„sLjv m„wó Kiv, niZvj-nvbvnvbx ev mwnsmZvcyY© msMÖvg-Av‡›`vjb-wec‡ei bv‡g RbRxe‡b Akvwš— I Aw¯’iZv m„wó Kiv Ges iv‡óª ˆbivR¨Ki cwiw¯’wZ m„wó Kivi gva¨‡g ivR‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨ nvwmj Kivi åvš— c‡_ Avi cv evov‡bv bq| eis niZvj-Av‡›`vjb Avi msNvZ-mwnsmZv I msMÖvg-wece wbf©i ‡m‡K‡j ivR‰bwZK Kg©-‡KŠkjcyY© ivRbxwZ‡K BwZnv‡mi cvZvq Avi wgDwRqv‡g wbe©vmb w`‡q RbM‡bi mg_©bcyó Av`k© wfwËK ivRbxwZi Rb Kj¨vYgyLx ZrciZv Øviv RbM‡bi Aš—‡i jvwjZ ¯^cœ‡K m‡Z¨ i“c `vb Kiv Ges RvZx-ag©-eY©-wj½ wbwe©‡k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki mgvb AwaKvi cÖwZôv Kivi gva¨‡g cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwiK‡K cyY© mvgvwRK I ivwóªq myi¶v `v‡b m¶g ivóª M‡o †ZvjvB n‡e bZzb ivRbxwZi cÖavbZg j¶¨ Ges GB j‡¶¨ †cŠuQv‡bvi wbf©i‡hvM¨ evnb n‡e ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxÕ|

3| ivRbxwZi i_ ev evnb cwieZ©b : cyiv‡bv c_ cweeZ©‡bi mv‡_ i_ ev evnb cwieZ©‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvI AZ¨vek¨K n‡q c‡o| KviY cyiv‡bv Riv-RxY© Ny‡Y aiv KvUv‡gvi i‡_ Av‡ivnb K‡i bZzb c‡_i Mš—‡e¨ †cuŠQv KL‡bvB m¤¢e bq| bZzb c‡_i Mš—‡e¨ †cŠuQv‡Z n‡j cÖ‡hvRb bZzb c‡_ Pjvi Dc‡hvMx kw³kvjx bZzb evnb A_©vr cÖ‡qvRb bZzb ivR‰bwZK `‡ji-‡h ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cÖvY n‡e cweeZ©bKvgx RbM‡bi mg_©b, †h `‡ji †`n-KvUv‡gv n‡e RbMb Øviv MwVZ ( me©¯’‡ii gvby‡li Øviv MwVZ) ivR‰bwZK msMVb-hvnv gvbyl‡`i mg_©‡b Ges mgv‡Ri wcwQ‡q cov gvbyl‡`i Rxeb gvb‡bœvqb‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qvi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri me©¯’‡ii, me †¶‡Îi Ges me GjvKvi mymg Dbœqb wbwðZ Kivi Av`‡k© wek¦vmx, †h `‡ji kw³ n‡e RbM‡bi fvjevmv I wek¦vm Ges †h `‡ji †bZv-Kgx©iv n‡eb †`‡ki mr , †`k †cÖwgK †hvM¨ bvMwiKiv|

‡kvlY eÂbv gy³ kvwš—cyY© I mv”Q›`gq mgvR e¨ve¯’v I ivwóªq e¨ve¯’v M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡j †hgb PvB eZ©gvb mg‡qi Dc‡hvMx MYZvwš¿K e¨ve¯’v,wVK †ZgbB cª‡qvRb eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Zi Pvwn`v cyi‡Yi Dchy³ ivR‰bwZK `j ev ivR‰bwZK evnb - †h ivR‰bwZK evnb Z_v ivR‰bwZK `j †`k‡K RbM‡bi KvswLZ j‡¶¨i w`‡K wb‡q †h‡Z m¶g n‡e, RvwZ‡K RvwZi Avcb kw³‡Z R¡‡j DV‡Z mnvqK n‡e, RvwZ‡K RvwZi ¯^-‡Z‡R GwM‡q Pj‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e, RvwZ‡K RvwZi Aš—wb©nxZ mvg_©¨‡K me©vwaK Kv‡R jvMv‡Z m¶g n‡e|

cwieZ©‡bi c_-evnb :

Avgiv GLb cwieZ©‡bi mwÜ¯’‡j G‡m DcwbZ| wKš‘ cwieZ©‡bi mycwiYwZi w`‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqvi gZ c_ I evn‡bi Afv‡e Avgiv wb_i `vwo‡q AvwQ| KvswLZ cwieZ©‡bi w`‡K hvIqvi c_, evnb I PvwjKv kw³i Afv‡e Avgiv GLb GK nZvkvRbK cwiw¯’wZ AwZµg KiwQ| Avgv‡`i g‡b cwieZ©‡bi †h ¶z`v ˆZix n‡q‡Q, mycwiYwZcyY© cwieZ©b bv nIqv ch©š— †m ¶z`v wbe„Ë nIqvi bq| KviY we`¨gvb cwiw¯’wZ Avgv‡`i g‡b gvb‡m †m ¶z`v evwo‡q P‡j‡Q cÖwZwbqZ| mycwiYwZcyY© cwieZ©b AR©b Qvov GB ¶z`v wgU‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB Avgiv c_ LyRwQ cwieZ©‡bi, Avgiv Dcvq LyuRwQ cwieZ©‡bi Ges Avgiv ¯^cœ †`LwQ cwieZ©‡bi| Avgv‡`i G ¯^cœ †K m‡Z¨ cwiYZ Kivi c_ cÖ`k©K n‡Z cv‡i ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmx Õ, Avgv‡`i AvKvsLv‡K ev¯—‡e i“c †`evi gva¨g n‡Z cv‡i ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmx Õ, Avgv‡`i‡K Avgv‡`i eûj KvswLZ j‡¶¨i w`‡K wb‡q hvIqvi Dchy³ evnb n‡Z cv‡i ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxÕ Ges ¯^‡cœi evsjv‡`k Movi ¯^cœ‡K m‡Z¨ cwiYZ Kivi `yR©qx PvwjKv kw³ n‡Z cv‡i ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vwUK cvwU© Õ| ZvB Avmyb BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmx m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Ny‡i Avwm wb‡Pi I‡qe G‡Wª‡m|

Universal Democracy-Way of Global peace http://universalpeacemaker.blogspot.com

Universal Democracy - way of Globalpeace, prosperity and freedom

BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmx-wek¦kvwš—, mg„w× I gyw³i c_

Universal Democracy - way of Globalpeace, prosperity and freedom

mvC` bRi“j Bmjvg

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1) MYZš¿vq‡b Avgv‡`i KiYxq

¯^ D‡`¨v‡M cÖKvwkZ, cÖKvk t26 gvP©-2000 Bs

2) µ¨vwR jvf

†fv‡ii wkwki cÖKvkbx, ‡gvnv¤§`cyi,XvKv, evsjv‡`k †_‡K cÖKvwkZ

ISBN NO-984-8216-21-3, cÖKvk t 21 †k †deª“qvix-2002 Bs|

E-mail address: saeednazrulislam@gmail.com

fywgKv (Preface)t

j¶ j¶ eQ‡ii `yM©g c_ gvwo‡q gvbyl Avw`g hy‡Mi mxgvbv AwZµg K‡i‡Q| Avi kZ kZ eQ‡ii cÖvK-mf¨ hyM †cwi‡q gvbyl m‡egvÎ mf¨Zvi mxgvbvq cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| mf¨Zvi †K›`ª we›`y‡Z †cŠuQ‡Z Av‡iv A‡bK mgq evKx| Av‡iv A‡bK c_ cvwo w`‡Z n‡e, Av‡iv A‡bK `yi GwM‡q †h‡Z n‡e| Z‡e GB c_ `yM©g bv n‡jI †gv‡VI gk„Y ev cÖwZeÜKZvnxb bq| G c‡_I i‡q‡Q A‡bK evav, A‡bK cÖwZeÜKZv| me evav-cÖwZeÜKZv Avgv‡`i‡K Rq K‡i GwM‡q ‡h‡Z n‡e fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K| Avgv‡`i fwel¨‡Zi w`b¸wj hv‡Z wbivc` nq, myLKi I ¯^v”Q‡›`i nq Ges kvwš—gq nq-‡m j¶¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L KvR Ki‡Z n‡e Avgv‡`i‡K| my›`i fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K GwM‡q †h‡Z n‡j Avgv‡`i‡K Aek¨B Avgv‡`i my`yi AwZ‡Zi w`‡K `„wócvZ Ki‡Z n‡e| †`L‡Z n‡e †Kvb& c‡_ †Kvb& Ae¯’v †_‡K gvbyl GB ch©š— G‡m‡Q| Zvn‡jB Avgv‡`i c‡¶ eySv mnR n‡e †h, †Kvb c‡_ Pj‡j Avgiv wbivc‡`, my‡L-mv”Q‡›` I kvwš—‡Z my›`i fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K GwM‡q †h‡Z m¶g ne|

Avgiv Avgv‡`i my`yi AwZ‡Zi w`‡K `„wócvZ Ki‡j †`L‡Z cvB †h, Avw`g hy‡Mi ïi“‡Z gvbyl wQj wew”Qbœ wew”Qbœ| Kvjµ‡g gvbyl msMwUZ nIqvi cÖ‡qvRb †eva K‡i Ges msMwUZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i| G‡Kev‡i ïi“‡Z gvbyl msMwUZ nq cÖ_‡g ÔgvÕ †K †K›`ª K‡i| ÔgvÕ‡K wN‡i M‡o D‡V gvZ…‡Kw›`ªK cwievi| Zvici cvi¯úwiK cÖ‡qvR‡b gvbyl `je× ev †MvÎe× n‡q evm Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Zvici AvZ¥i¶vi cÖ‡qvR‡b ev kw³ e„w×i Rb¨ GKvwaK `j ev †MvÎ GK mv‡_ emevm Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Gmgq gvbyl eyS‡Z cv‡i †h, †ekx gvbyl GK RvqMvq GKmv‡_ emevm Ki‡j AvZ¥i¶v Kiv mnR nq, AwaK kw³i AwaKvix nIqv hvq, AwaK cÖvK„wZK m¤ú` †fvM-`L‡j ivLv hvq,GKR‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b Avi GKR‡bi mvnvh¨ cvIqv hvq| GB Dcjwã †_‡K gvbyl mgvRe× n‡q evm Kivi cÖ‡qvRb Abyfe K‡i| Gfv‡e Rb¥ †bq ÔmgvRÕ bvgK GB mycÖvPxb cÖwZôvbwU| cieZx©Kv‡j GB ÔmgvRÕ msMVbwU Av‡iv weKvk jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K| KviY gvbyl ZZw`‡b ey‡S‡Q †h, gvby‡li Rxeb‡K AwaK ¯^v”Q‡›`i Kivi †¶‡Î ÔmgvRÕ Gi fywgKv weKínxb| ZvB gvbyl mgvRe× n‡q evm Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| gvbyl Av‡iv eyS‡Z cv‡i ‡h- ‡h mgvR hZ eo, †mB mgvR ZZ †ekx kw³kvjx, †mB mgv‡R emevmKvix gvby‡liv AwaK wbivc` Ges Zv‡`i `L‡j _vKv cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i cwigvbI ZZ †ekx| GRb¨ ZrKvjxb mgvRm`©vi‡`i g‡a¨ wbR wbR mgvR‡K eo Kivi B”Qv †Rviv‡jv n‡Z _v‡K| GB B”Qv ZvwoZ n‡q mgvRm`©viiv kw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Pvwicv‡ki †QvU LvU `j ev mgvR‡K wbR wbqš¿‡b Avbvi hy× ïi“ K‡i| GB hyy‡× †h c¶ wR‡Z hvq, †m c‡¶i Aax‡b _vKv mgv‡Ri AvKvi eo nq| †mB mv‡_ eo nq Zvi wbqš¿bvaxb GjvKvi AvKvi| Zvi `L‡j _vKv RvqMvi cwigvb I cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i cwigvb †e‡o hvq Ges †mBmv‡_ Zvi kw³ m¤¢vi I e„w× cvq| Zvi c`exI eo n‡Z _v‡K| Gfv‡e hy‡×i ci hy× Rq K‡i †h m`©vi GK GKwU fyL‡Ûi AwacwZ nq| Gme fyL‡Ûi m`©vi‡`i g‡a¨ GKmgq †kªôZ¡ Rvwn‡ii B”Qv RvMÖZ nq| †kªôZ¡ Rvwni Kiv Ges Zv eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ kw³ e„w×i cÖ‡qvRb Abyfe K‡i Zviv| AZci kw³ e„w×i j‡¶¨ Zviv wbqwgZ mb¨ evwnbx M‡o †Zv‡j Ges A¯¿ ‰Zix‡Z gb‡hvM †`q| cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³-mvg_©¨ AR©‡bi ci Zviv wb‡R‡`i‡K ¯^vaxb m`©vi i“‡c †Nvlbv K‡i| Gici Av‡k-cv‡ki Ab¨vb¨ fyLÛ `Lj Kivi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i wbqš¿bvaxb GjvKvi AvKvi eo Kivi cÖwZ‡hvMxZv ïi“ nq †m me m`©vi‡`i g‡a¨| Pj‡Z _v‡K eo eo GjvKvi AwacwZ nIqvi hy×| GB hy‡× GK c¶ †n‡i hvq Avi GK c¶ Rqx nq| †n‡i hvIqv c‡¶i fyLÛ P‡j Av‡m weRqx c‡¶i wbqš¿‡b| Gfv‡e hy× R‡qi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i wbqš¿Yvaxb GjvKvi AvKvi hLb eo n‡Z _v‡K, ZLb Zv‡`i g‡a¨ KZ©„Z¡-‡kªôZ¡ I civµgkvjxZv cÖKv‡ki B”Qv gv_v Qvov †`q| GB B”Qv ZvwoZ n‡q wbR wbR wbqš¿bvaxb GjvKv ev fyLÛ‡K ¯^vaxb wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z ivR¨ †Nvlbv K‡ib Ges GB ¯^vaxb iv‡R¨i ¯^vaxb kvmK wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z wb‡R‡K me©gq ¶gZvi AwaKvix ‡evSv‡Z ÔivRvÕ bvg avib K‡ib| Avi iv‡R¨i mKj gvbyl‡K cÖRv bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡ib| Gfv‡e iv‡R¨i gnvwacwZ ivRv bvg wb‡q ivR¨ kvmb Ki‡Z _v‡K| cieZx©Kv‡j Gi“c ¶z`ª ¶z`ª iv‡R¨i ivRv‡`i g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK ¯^v_© i¶vi AwaK myweav‡_© Ges AvZ¥ i¶vi cÖ‡qvR‡b ev AwaK kw³kvjx nIqvi cÖ‡qvR‡b Gi“c GKvwaK ivR¨ hy³ n‡q ivóª †Nvlbv K‡i| GB‡¶‡Î †fŠMwjK ALÛZv ¸i“Z¡ cvq| †m †_‡K ïi“ nq ÔivóªÕ bvgK cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¥ I c_ Pjv| ÔivóªÕ m„wói ïi“‡Z iv‡óªi RbmvaviY‡K AwaKvinxb ÔcÖRvÕ wn‡m‡e Mb¨ Kiv n‡q _vK‡jI Kvjvš—‡i †mB AwaKvinxb cÖvwPb cwiwPwZ‡K Qz‡uo †d‡j w`‡q gvbyl gvby‡li AwaKvi I gh©v`v i¶vq mnvqK c×wZ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z m¶g nq| gvbyl cÖwZôv K‡i iv‡óªi Dci RbM‡bi cyY© AwaKvi| ivóª n‡q D‡V RbM‡bi Ges RbMbB n‡q D‡V iv‡óªi me©gq ¶gZvi AwaKvix| GLb GB mZ¨ mgMÖ `ywbqvq cÖwZwôZ| gvÎ K‡qKwU †`k Qvov we‡k¦i cÖvq me †`‡k iv‡óªi Dci RbM‡bi AwaKvi, RbM‡bi KZ©„Z¡ Ges RbM‡bi me©gq ¶gZv ¯^xK…Z| cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q RbM‡bi kvmb e¨ve¯’v-ÔMbZš¿Õ| wKš‘ GL‡bv evKx i‡q‡Q iv‡óªi Dci RbM‡bi cyY© wbqš¿b cÖwZôv Kiv| c„w_exi †Kv_vI ‡Kvb iv‡óªi Dci RbM‡bi cyY© wbqš¿b GL‡bv cÖwZwôZ nqwb| GwU GKwU mgq mv‡c¶ KwVb KvR| iv‡óªi Dci RbM‡bi cyY© wbqš¿b cªwZwôZ bv nIqv ch©š— RbM‡bi cyY© gyw³ Avm‡Z cv‡i bv| iv‡óªi Dci RbM‡bi cyY© wbqš¿b cÖwZwôZ bv n‡j gvbe mf¨Zvi cwicyY© weKvkI m¤¢e bq| Gc‡_ GL‡bv A‡bK evav i‡q‡Q| me‡P‡q eo evav n‡”Q ivóª I RbM‡bi g‡a¨ ¯’vb K‡i †bqv myweav‡fvMx †kªYxi gvbyl| cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i `ye©jZvi Kvi‡Y GB †kªYxi m„wó| MYZš¿‡K kw³kvjx I mg‡qvc‡hvMx Kiv †M‡j †Kvb evavB iv‡óªi Dci RbM‡bi cyY© wbqš¿Y cÖwZôvi †Pôv‡K evavM¯— Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv| GRb¨ Avgv‡`i‡K me©v‡Mª MYZš¿‡K mg‡qvc‡hvMx I kw³kvjx Ki‡Z n‡e Ges iv‡óªi Dci RbM‡bi cyY© wbqš¿Y cÖwZôv Kivi c‡_ av‡c av‡c GwM‡q †h‡Z n‡e| iv‡óªi Dci RbM‡bi kZfvM wbqš¿b cÖwZôv bv nIqv ch©š— Avgv‡`i Pjvi c‡_ A‡bK evav-wiNœ Avm‡Z cv‡i| iv‡óªi Dci RbM‡bi kZfvM wbqš¿Y cÖwZôv Kivi †Póv‡K mdj Ki‡Z n‡j Aek¨B cyiv‡bv MYZš¿‡K mg‡qvc‡hvMx Kj-Kâv I Kjv-‡KŠkj Øviv mvwR‡q kw³kvjx I cyY© m¶g K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e| GB Dcjwã I wek¦vm †_‡K MYZš¿‡K bZzb fv‡e mvwR‡q M‡o †Zvjv n‡q‡Q ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxÕ bvgvei‡b| cÖK…Zc‡¶ MYZ‡š¿i AvaywbK i“c n‡”Q ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxÕ| cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿ we`¨gvb `ye©jZv ¸wj `yi K‡i MYZ‡š¿i gyj wfwË mgy‡ni Dci kw³kvjx †`n KvUv‡gv ‰Zix K‡i bvg ivLv n‡q‡Q ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxÕ- hvi j¶¨ n‡”Q iv‡óªi Dci RbM‡bi cyY© wbqš¿Y cÖwZóv K‡i RbM‡bi cyY© gyw³ wbwðZ Kiv|

ÔMYZš¿Õ gvbyl‡K `xN©mvgš—hyMxq `ytkvm‡bi e›`x`kv †_‡K gy³ K‡i ¯^vaxb gvby‡li gh©v`vq cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Q, ¯^vaxb cwi‡e‡k Rxeb hvc‡bi my‡hvM‡K AevwiZ K‡i‡Q Ges cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li gZvg‡Zi gyj¨ cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| nvRvi nvRvi eQi ci gvbyl †c‡q‡Q gvby‡li AwaKvi, gvby‡li gh©v`v| d‡j gvby‡li gvbexq ¸bvejx weKv‡ki c_ n‡q‡Q cÖk¯—| Gi d‡j Áv‡b-weÁv‡b gvbyl `ª“Z G¸‡Z ïi“ K‡i| cÖhyw³-cÖ‡KŠkj D™¢vebvi †¶‡Î gvbyl bZzb bZzb Avwe®‹vi Ki‡Z _v‡K| b‡ev™¢vweZ cÖhyw³-cÖ‡KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvbyl wewfbœ cb¨ Drcv`‡bi ‡¶‡Î AfvweZ mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i| hvwš¿K Dcv‡q Drcvw`Z wkíR c‡b¨i Pvwn`v I evRvi `ª“Z cÖmvi jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K| Avi †mB mv‡_ Avw` I AK…wÎg e¨ve¯’vq Drcvw`Z c‡b¨i Pvwn`v Kg‡Z _v‡K | hvid‡j Avw` Drcv`b c×wZ‡Z Drcvw`Z cY¨ mvgMÖx wewbgq K‡i gvbyl ‡h Avq-‡ivRMvi KiZ, Zv µ‡gB n«vm ‡c‡Z _v‡K| AvaywbK wk‡íi `vc‡Ui Kv‡Q Avw` Drcv`b e¨ve¯’v& m¤úyY©i“‡c nvi gv‡b Ges µgk n«vm †c‡Z †c‡Z GK ch©v‡q wejyß n‡q hvq| cÖmvi NU‡Z _v‡K eo AvKv‡ii wk‡íi Ges Pvwn`v I evRvi e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K Gme wkíRvZ bZzb bZzb c‡b¨i| AvaywbK wk‡íi cÖmvi gvby‡li Rxeb‡K, mvgR‡K Ges ivóª‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| GB cÖfv‡e gvbyl AvaywbK wk‡íi cÖwZ Szu‡K c‡o| ‡h e¨vw³ ev †h RvZx AvaywbK wk‡íi hZ †ekx cÖmvi NUv‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q, Zvi ZZ †ekx DbœwZ n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j gvbyl eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q †h, wk‡íi PvKv‡K hZ †ekx msL¨vq Ges hZ †ekx MwZ‡Z Nyiv‡bv hv‡e, ZZ †ekx MwZ‡Z A_©bxwZi PvKvI Nyi‡e| Avi A_©bxwZi PvKv Nyiv gv‡bB n‡”Q AMÖMwZ| ZvB GB AMÖMwZ †K bv Pvq ? AMÖMwZ gv‡bB‡Zv DbœwZ| gvbyl Av‡iv eyS‡Z ‡c‡i‡Q ‡h, AMÖMwZ AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j wkí-KviLvbv ¯’vcb Kiv ev e¨vemv-evwbR¨ Pvjy Kiv Qvov Dcvq bvB| Avi e¨vemv-evwYR¨ Ki‡Z n‡j ev wkí-KviLvbv ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡j ‡h wRwblwUi cÖ‡qvRb-‡mwU n‡”Q cyuwR| cyuwR LvUv‡bv Qvov GB AMÖMwZ AR©b Kiv KL‡bvB m¤¢e bq| ZvB gvby‡li g‡a¨ ïi“ nq cyuwR m„wói cÖebZv| ïi“ nq cyuwR m„wói `yiš— cÖwZ‡hvMxZv| GB cÖwZ‡hvMxZvi Aci bvg n‡”Q Db¥y³ A_©bxwZ| GB A_©bxwZ we‡k¦i me©Î Abym„Z n‡q Avm‡Q Ges gnv `vc‡U cÖwZwôZ Av‡Q| wKš‘ AZ¨vš— `yt‡Li welq †h, mvavib †L‡U LvIqv gvbyl‡`i †Kvb DcKv‡iB Avm‡Q bv GB A_©bxwZ| KviY GB cÖwZ‡hvMxZvq Ask Mªn‡bi my‡hvM †bB mxwgZ Av‡qi †L‡U LvIqv gvbyl‡`i| kªgRxwe Kg©Rxwe gvby‡liv †Kvb iL‡g †L‡q c‡i Rxeb evuwP‡q mKvj †_‡K mÜ¨v ch©š— cÖvYvš—Ki cwikªg K‡i hv‡”Q wewfbœ wkí KviLvbvq wKsev e¨vemv-evwY‡R¨i cÖwZôv‡b| kªgRxwe-Kg©Rxwe gvbyl‡`i Amvgvb¨ cwikª‡g wkí-KviLvbv-e¨vemv-evwY‡R¨i gvwjK †Kv¤úvbx¸wj w`‡bi ci w`b eo n‡”Q, evo‡Q Zv‡`i m¤ú‡`i cwigvb Ges evo‡Q Zv‡`i cÖfve-civµg| wKš‘ Gme wkí-evwY‡R¨i mv‡_ RwoZ wecyj msL¨K kªgRxwe-Kg©Rxwe gvby‡li Rxe‡b Gi mvgvb¨ †QuvqvI jvM‡Q bv| Zv‡`i Rxe‡b †Kvb DbœwZ Avm‡Q bv| eis GB me †L‡U LvIqv ¯^í Av‡qi kªgRxwe-Kg©Rxwe gvbyl‡`i Rxeb µ‡gB KwVb n‡q DV‡Q| Zv‡`i Avq w`‡q Rxeb Pvjv‡bvi LiP wbe©vn Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv| G‡`i evo‡Q Afve, evo‡Q mgm¨v Ges evo‡Q Rxe‡bi Kó| GB Ae¯’vi DbœwZ‡Zv n‡”QB bv, eis µ‡gB AebwZ n‡”Q w`‡bi ci w`b| µ‡gB Gme gvby‡li Kv‡Q `ytmn n‡q DV‡Q cwew¯’wZ,`ymn n‡q DV‡Q Rxeb| GB Ae¯’v-cwiw¯’wZ AbybœZ, Dbœqbkxj wKsev ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k¸wj‡Zv Av‡QB| m¤cÖwZ cwiw¯’wZ Amnbxq n‡q D‡V‡Q c„w_exi DbœZ †`k ¸wji mvaviY gvbyl‡`i Rxe‡bI | †h wkí gvby‡li Rxeb‡K mnR I my›`i Kivi Rb¨ M‡o D‡VwQj- ‡m wkí gvby‡li Rxeb‡K mnR I my›`i K‡i‡Q wVKB, c„w_ex‡KI A‡bK my›`i K‡i‡Q e‡U| wKš‘ hv‡`i wbiew”Qbœ wbijm cwikª‡g gvby‡li mvgMÖxK Rxeb hvÎv GZ mnR n‡q‡Q, c„w_ex GZ my›`i i“c jvf K‡i‡Q - Zv‡`i Rxeb KvU‡Q GZB Afve-AbU‡bi g‡a¨ ‡h, c„w_exi GB my›`i i“c Dc‡fvM Kiv‡Zv `y‡ii K_v, Rxeb hvc‡bi AZ¨vek¨K DcKib msMÖn KivI Zv‡`i c‡¶ m¤¢e n‡q D‡V bv| wkí-evwY‡R¨i PvKv‡K m`v mPj ivLvi gva¨‡g Drcv`b I Dbœq‡bi j¶¨ AR©‡b hviv mviv¶Y e¨v¯—- Zv‡`i Rxe‡b DbœwZ‡Zv n‡”QB bv, eis Zv‡`i Rxeb Pvjv‡bvi Kó w`‡bi ci w`b evo‡Q| K…wl Kv‡R kªg w`‡q hv‡`i P‡j, Zv‡`i Ae¯’v‡Zv Av‡iv †ekx Lvivc| †Kvb‡¶‡ÎB kªgRxwe-Kg©Rxwe gvbyl‡`i Rxe‡b myL †bB, †bB mvgvb¨ ¯^v”Q›`I| †hb kªgRxwe-Kg©Rxwe gvbyl‡`i Rxeb †Kvb GK A`„k¨ e„‡Ëi g‡a¨ AvU‡K Av‡Q| gvby‡li nvZ-cv A`„k¨ wkK‡j evuav c‡o Av‡Q AvaywbK wkí-evwbR¨‡K wN‡i M‡o DVv cyuwR Movi cÖwZ‡hvMxZv wfwËK A_©e¨ve¯’vi A`„k¨ Rv‡j| ÔMYZš¿Õ gvbyl‡K ¯^vaxbZv w`‡q‡Q mZ¨ wKš‘ †mB ¯^vaxbZv †fv‡Mi †¶‡Î m„ó evav¸wj `yi Kivi e¨ve¯’v wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| d‡j cyuwR Movi `ywe©bxZ cÖwZ‡hvMxZv m„wóKvix A_© e¨e¯’vi A`„k¨ duv‡` c‡o gvbyl ‡mB ¯^vaxbZv †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| mvaxbZv _vKj ïay bv‡g-ev¯—‡e †ekxi fvM gvbyl cwibZ nj cyuwR Movi DcKi‡Y| gvbyl Avevi †kvl‡bi †¶‡Î wKsev e¨vemvi c‡b¨ cwibZ n‡q‡Q| gvbyl †hw`‡K hvq †mw`‡KB ïay GK `j av›`vevR gvbyl gvbyl‡K wk‡íi Dcv`vb evwb‡q wKsev e¨vemvwqK Kjv‡KŠk‡ji wkKv‡i cwibZ K‡i wKsev `ybx©wZi `yó duv‡` †d‡j mvaviY gvbyl†K Avw_©K fv‡e †kvlb Ki‡Q| hZB w`b hv‡”Q ZZB GB †kvl‡bi gvÎv evo‡Q, Avi Gi cÖfv‡e cxwoZ n‡”Q mvaviY †L‡U LvIqv ¯^í Av‡qi gvby‡li Rxeb| evo‡Q mvaviY gvby‡li Rxeb Pvjv‡bvi Kó| GB Kó µ‡gB evo‡Q, ïay evo‡Q Avi evo‡QB|

gvbyl AwZ Kó mnbkxj cÖvYx| ZviciI Ae¯’vi AebwZ hLb mnbxq gvÎvi evB‡i P‡j hvq, ZLb gvbyl mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i †¶v‡f-we‡¶v‡f †d‡U c‡i| Ggwb NUbv N‡U‡Q AwZ m¤cÖwZ| KviY m¤cÖwZ Ae¯’v GZB Lvivc n‡q‡Q †h, hv wKbv gvby‡li m‡n¨i mxgv Qvwo‡q †M‡Q| ZvB gvbyl PvB‡Q GB Ae¯’v †_‡K gyw³, gvbyl PvB‡Q †kvl‡bi nvZ †_‡K gyw³- gvbyl PvB‡Q †mB e¨e¯’v-‡hLv‡b gvbyl †kvl‡bi wkKvi n‡e bv| eZ©gvbKvi cwiw¯’wZ gvby‡li Kv‡Q Amnbxq n‡q DVvq gvbyl †`‡k †`‡k iv¯—vq bvg‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q| cwieZ©‡bi `vex D‡V‡Q c„w_ex Ry‡o| GK_v w`ev‡jv‡Ki gZ mZ¨ †h -†ekxi fvM gvby‡li Rxeb GLb mv”Q‡›` KvU‡Q bv, bvB mvgvb¨Zg myL, bvB GK`Û kvwš—|

GB Amnbxq cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K gvbyl cwiÎvb Pvq| KvswLZ cwiÎvb jv‡fi Rb¨ gvbyl cÖ‡qvRb Abyfe Ki‡Q cwieZ©‡bi| gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb Avi cÖK…wZi wbqg GLv‡b GKB my‡Î MvuZv| KviY gvby‡li GB cÖ‡qvRb Avi KvswLZ cwieZ©‡bi g‡a¨B wbwnZ i‡q‡Q cÖK…wZi Amxg ¶gZv I Aw¯’Z¡ cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM| cÖK…wZi Aw¯’Z¡ Dcjwã Kivi mvg_©¨ Av‡Q ïaygvÎ gvby‡li| ZvB gvbyl †kªô| gvbyh cÖK…wZi m„ó RM‡Z GL‡bv †mivm„wó wnmv‡e ‡kªóZ¡ eRvq †i‡L‡Q| gvby‡li GB †kªôZ¡ ‡K‡o †bqvi gZ bZzb †Kvb cÖvYxi Aw¯’Z¡ GL‡bv ch©š— Avwe®K…Z nqwb| Zv n‡j gvbyl RvZx wecbœ nIqvi m¤¢vebv wQj| wKš‘ cÖK…wZ Zv mnmv Ki‡e- Ggb †Kvb j¶b bR‡i Avm‡Q bv| gvby‡li aŸsm gvbylB Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z cv‡i- cÖK…wZ bq| gv‡S g‡a¨ cÖK…wZ wei“c AvPiY K‡i e‡U| Z‡e ZvI gvby‡li fyj Kv‡Ri Rb¨| †hgb- cÖK„wZ gvbyl‡K my‡h©¨i AwZ †e¸bx iwk¥i gvivZ¥K ¶wZKi cÖfve †_‡K i¶vi Rb¨ c„w_exi Pvwicv‡k GKUv cwi‡kvab ¯’i ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q-hvi bvg gvbyl †i‡L‡Q ÔIRb †jqviÕ| wKš‘ gvbyl †mB IRb ¯’‡ii ¶wZ mvab Ki‡Q-ZvB c„w_ex‡Z DòZv e„w× cv‡”Q, Rjevqyi Pwi‡Î eo iL‡gi cwieZ©b †`Lv w`‡”Q- hv gvby‡li Rxeb‡K ûgKxi m¤§yLxb K‡i‡Q| gvbyl PvB‡j GB Avc` †_‡K wb‡R‡`i i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b c„w_exi Rjevqyi GB cwieZ©b cÖK…wZi B”Qvq nqwb-n‡q‡Q gvby‡li Acwibvgakx© Kv‡Ri d‡j| cÖK…wZ cÖK…Zc‡¶ GL‡bv gvbyl I c„w_ex‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ wb‡ew`Z Av‡Q| cÖK…wZ gvby‡li fvji Rb¨B bZzb‡K cyivZb K‡i Avi cyivZb‡K mwi‡q bZzb‡K gvby‡li †mevq wb‡qvwRZ K‡i| Gfv‡e c„w_ex‡K gvby‡li Rb¨ evm‡hvM¨ K‡i ivLvB n‡”Q cÖK…wZi KvR| cÖK…wZi wPi-k¦v¯^Z wbq‡g me wKQzi cwieZ©b n‡q _v‡K| cÖK…wZ wPiKvjB cyivZb‡K mwi‡q bZzb‡K cyivZ‡bi ¯’jvwfwk³ K‡i‡Q gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨| †Kvb wKQz hLb cyivZb nIqvi d‡j ¸bv¸b nvwi‡q gvby‡li Kv‡Q Ae¨envi‡hvM¨,AMÖnb‡hvM¨ wKsev cuPv-cwiZ¨vR¨ n‡q c‡o, ZLb cÖK…wZi wbq‡g gvby‡li g‡a¨ cyivZb‡K Z¨vM Kivi Avi bZzb wKQy‡K MÖn‡bi A`g¨ B”Qv-AvKvsLv m„wó nq| GB B”Qv-AvKvsLv ZvwoZ n‡q gvbyl cyivZb‡K Z¨vM Kivi Rb¨ Ges bZzb‡K cvIqvi ‡Póvq gwiqv n‡q D‡V| Avi GB †Póvi dj ¯^i“c gvbyl Avwe®‹vi-D™¢veb Ki‡Z m¶g nq bZzb c_-c×wZi| cÖK…wZ GB b‡ev™¢vweZ c_-c×wZ‡K djcÖmy K‡i †Zv‡j gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z| cÖK…wZ cwieZ©‡bi avivevwnKZv eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ gvby‡li g‡a¨ Kv‡j Kv‡j bZz‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m„wó K‡i| gvbyl bZz‡bi mÜv‡b cv evovq| gvbyl wPi KvjB myL, ¯^v”Q›` I kvwš—i Rb¨ nb¨ n‡q Qz‡V‡Q m¤§yLcv‡b| myL,¯^v”Q›` I kvwš—i Rb¨ gvbyl bZzb bZzb c_, bZzb bZzb c×wZ I bZzb bZzb e¨ve¯’v Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Q| cyivZb‡K †cQ‡b Qzu‡o †d‡j gvbyl bZzb‡K Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z Ki‡Z GwM‡q wM‡q‡Q fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K| Gfv‡e gvby‡li Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q Kv‡j Kv‡j, gvby‡li Rxeb hvcb c×wZ e`‡j‡Q, gvby‡li mgvR e`‡j‡Q-wKš‘ GB c„w_ex Av‡Q, Avi Zvi Avov‡j Av‡Q cÖK…wZ| cÖK…wZ cwieZ©‡bi ci cwieZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q gvbyl‡K GB ch©š— G‡b‡Q Ges Av‡iv GwM‡q †b‡e Abš— Kv‡ji c‡_| gvby‡li Rxe‡b cweeZ©b bv _vK‡j gvbyl RvZx nq‡Zv A‡bK cy‡e©B wejyß n‡q †hZ| cÖK…wZ gvbyl‡K Kv‡ji ci Kvj Abš—Kvj wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨B gvby‡li g‡a¨ Avkv-AvKvsLv w`‡q‡Q, Avi Avkv-AvKvsLvi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L e`‡j †bIqvi mvg_©¨ w`‡q‡Q| KviY e`‡j hvIqvi g‡a¨B gvbyl Rxe‡bi bZzb A_© Lyu‡R cvq, cvq byZzb ¯^v`,bZzb kw³| gvbyl cyiv‡bv e¨ve¯’vi Amyweav, GK‡Mu‡qgx I A¯^v”Q›`Zv †_‡K ‡ewi‡q bZzb Rxe‡bi bZzbZi ¯^v` Av¯^v`b Ki‡Z Ki‡Z GwM‡q hvq gnvKv‡ji c‡_| BnvB gvby‡li wPiKvjxb PwiÎ Ges cÖK…wZi wPi-k¦vk¦Z wbqg| GB wbq‡gi e¨v_¨q n‡Z cv‡i bv †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB| cwieZ©b gvby‡li Kvg¨, gvby‡li cÖvc¨ Ges cwieZ©b‡K avib K‡i GwM‡q hvIqv gvby‡li cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë AwaKvi| GB AwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z gvbyl cyivZb‡K Z¨vM Ki‡Z Ges bZzb eiY Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z n‡q‡Q| AZGe cwieZ©b n‡eB n‡e| GB cwieZ©b‡K †VKv‡bvi ¶gZv Kv‡iv bvB| KviY cÖK…wZi wbqg Avi gvby‡li AvKvsLv GLv‡b GKB ¯’v‡b G‡m wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|

me w`K wePv‡i GLb ejv hvq - mgq G‡m‡Q cwieZ©‡bi| KviY eZ©gvb Ae¯’vq ‡ekxi fvM gvbyl ¯^v”Q‡›` †bB, my‡L ‡bB, we`¨gvb e¨ve¯’vq fwel¨r kvwš— jv‡fi m¤¢vebvI j¶bxq bh| d‡j gvbyl LyeB nZvk n‡q c‡i‡Q| gvby‡l gvby‡l Avq ˆelg¨ A‡hŠw³Ki“‡c ‡e‡o‡Q, mvaviY gvby‡li Rxeb Pvjv‡bvi gZ Av‡qi my‡hvM µ‡gB msKzwPZ n‡q Avm‡Q| d‡j evo‡Q fwel¨Z AwbðqZv | GB Ae¯’vi Av‡iv AebwZ n‡Z _vK‡j gvby‡li Rxeb Pvwj‡q hvIqv Av‡iv KwVb I Av‡iv KóKi n‡q DV‡e| ZvB gvbyl cwieZ©b Pvq| cwieZ©‡bi `vex D‡V‡Q †`‡k †`‡k| G `vex‡K A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z hvIqv n‡e eo fyj| eis cwieZ©‡bi c‡¶ KvR K‡i GB Amnbxq Ae¯’v †_‡K gvbyl‡`i D×vi Kivi j‡¶¨ mswkó me †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹vi mvab Kiv AwZ Ri“ix| cÖK…wZi wPi k¦v¯^Z wbqg‡K A¯^xKvi bv K‡i we`¨gvb e¨ve¯’vi ms¯‹vi Kivi w`‡K gb‡hvM w`‡jB cwieZ©bKvgx gvbyl‡`i Rxe‡b wd‡i Avm‡e ¯^v”Q›` I myL Ges c„w_ex‡Z wd‡i Avm‡e kvwš—|

Avwg G mZ¨ Mfxifv‡e Dcjwã K†iwQ †h, gvby‡li Rxe‡b ¯^v”Q›` I myL Ges c„w_ex‡Z kvwš— wdwi‡q Avb‡Z n‡j Aek¨B we`¨gvb MbZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vi Av‡iv DbœwZ Ki‡Z n‡e| gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi ¸wj‡K me©ve¯’vq myiw¶Z ivLvi Dc‡hvMx e¨e¯’v cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Avwg g‡b Kwi cÖPwjZ MbZvwš¿K e¨ve¯’vi DbœwZ mvab Kiv bv †M‡j mvaviY gvby‡li Rxeb †_‡K Kó `yi Kiv Am¤¢e n‡e| c„w_exi DbœZ - AbybœZ me †`‡kB mvgvwRK Aw¯’iZv e„w× cv‡e| mvgvwRK k„sLjv ‡f‡½ co‡e| Akvwš— m„wó n‡e ‡`‡k †`‡k-mviv c„w_ex Ry‡o| cÖPwjZ MbZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vi `ye©jZv ¸wj GLb gvby‡li Kv‡Q ¯úó| ZvB GB `ye©jZv ¸wj `yi Kivi e¨ve¯’v K‡i MbZš¿‡K mg‡qvc‡hvMx Kivi mgq G‡m‡Q| Avwg g‡b cÖv‡Y wek¦vm Kwi, me©ve¯’vq gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi mgyn i¶v Kivi Dc‡hvMx kw³kvjx MbZvwš¿K e¨ve¯’v cÖwZôv Kiv †M‡j me iL‡gi †kvlb-eÂbvi nvZ †_‡K wb‡R‡`i‡K i¶v K‡i Rxeb hvcb Kivi gZ cwi‡ek m„wó n‡e| gvby‡li Rxe‡b Avm‡e ¯^v”Q›`, mgvR Z_v iv‡óª Avm‡e mg„w× Ges kvwš— Avm‡e †`‡k †`‡k, mviv c„w_ex‡Z|

mvgš— hyMxq kvmb e¨e¯’vq RbM‡bi †h Ae¯’v wQj cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿I hw` †mB GKB Ae¯’v Pj‡Z _v‡K, Zvn‡j mvgš¿Zš¿ Avi MYZ‡š¿i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ _vKj wK ? ev¯—‡e ‡h UzKz cv_©K¨ cvIqv ‡M‡Q Zv wb‡q gvbyl Avi mš‘ó _vK‡Z ivwR bh| mvgš—Zš¿ †_‡K MYZ‡š¿ Avmvi ci †h UzKz c×wZMZ cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q †m UzKz ¸bMZ cwieZ©b nqwb| cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿ GKRb ivRvi kvm‡bi ¯’‡j GK`j RbMb KZ©„K wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa Øviv iv‡óªi kvmb Kvh©¨ P‡j| mvgš— hy‡Mi ivRv-mvgš—iv wbR ¶gZv e‡j hy‡Mi ci hyM ivóª cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb Avi cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿ RbM‡bi gZvgZ wb‡q RbMb KZ©„K wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwaiv wbw`ªó mgqKvj ch©š— ivóª cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| wKš‘ ivóª cwiPvjbvi †¶‡Î RbcÖwZwbwaiv kZfvM Rbg‡Zi wfwË‡Z ivóª cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K bv| Z‡e GK_v mZ¨ †h, cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿ gvby‡li gZ cÖKv‡ki AwaKvi cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q, mvgš—hy‡M hv wQj AKíbxq| GB UzKz AwaKvi cÖvwßi Rb¨ gvbyl‡K nvRvi nvRvi eQi A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, RbMb‡K ïay †fvU `v‡bi AwaKvix Kiv Ges RbM‡bi gZ cÖKv‡ki AwaKvi cÖwZôv KivB hw` cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i j¶¨ nq-Zvn‡j ejv hvq cÖPwjZ MYZš¿ BwZg‡a¨B GB j¶¨ AR©b Ki‡Z eûjvs‡k m¶g I mdj n‡q‡Q| GB UzKz AR©‡bi Rb¨I gvbe mf¨Zv MYZ‡š¿i Kv‡Q Abš—Kvj Fbx n‡q _vK‡e| KviY MYZš¿ gvbyl‡K jvL jvL eQ‡ii AÜKvi hy‡Mi ew›`Z¡ †_‡K Zz‡j G‡b gvby‡li ghv©`v w`‡q mf¨Zvq Av‡jvq ¯^vaxb Rxe‡bi ¯^v` †bqvi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡q‡Q| GLb mf¨Zvi Av‡jvq Pjvi Dc‡hvMx Rxeb e¨ve¯’v †Kgb n‡e, mgvR e¨ve¯’v †Kgb n‡e, ivóª e¨ve¯’vcbv †Kgb n‡e- Zv wVK Kivi mgq G‡m‡Q| GB me welq wVK Kivi Rb¨ nvRvi nvRvi eQi A‡c¶v Kivi †Kvb KviY bvB| MYZš¿ †kl n‡q hvq wb| GKwU c‡e©i KvR mgvß n‡q‡Q gvÎ| Gevi bZzb ce© ïi“ Kivi cvjv| MYZš¿‡K mg‡qvc‡hvMx KivB n‡”Q cieZx© c‡e©i KvR| GB c‡e© MYZ‡š¿i cÖK…Z i“c dz‡U DV‡e, MYZš¿ mgwngvq Avwefy©©yZ n‡e Ges MYZ‡š¿i ¸Yvejx gvby‡li Rxeb‡K bZzb i“‡c mvwR‡q Zzj‡e | gvbyl bZzb Rxe‡bi ¯^v` Av¯^v`b Ki‡e| e¨vw³ Rxeb n‡e Abycg ¯^v”Q‡›`i, mgvR Rxeb n‡e AeY©bxq mg„×Zvi Ges ivwóªq Rxeb n‡e wek¦ åvZ…‡Z¡i wb¸o eÜ‡bi Avb›` Nb kvwš—‡Z cwicyY©|

GLb cÖ‡qvRb †mB MYZ‡š’ªi-‡h ÔMbZš¿Õ mviv we‡k¦i me gvby‡li ‡gŠwjK AwaKvi mgyn‡K me©ve¯’vq myi¶v w`‡Z m¶g| ‡h MYZš¿ gvbyl‡K me iL‡gi †kvlb-eÂbv †_‡K †`‡k †`‡k Z_v mviv we‡k¦i gvbyl‡K myi¶v w`‡Z m¶g| Ges †h MYZš¿ cÖ‡Z¨K mgv‡R wKsev iv‡óª kvwš— cÖwZôv Ki‡Z m¶g| Avgvi `„p wek¦vm- we‡k¦i cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li Rxe‡b myL, mv”Q›` Ges cª‡Z¨K iv‡óª kvwš— cÖwZôv Kivi Dc‡hvMx MYZvwš¿K e¨ve¯’v n‡Z cv‡i-BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmx| KviY BDwbfvm©vj ‡W‡gvµ¨vmxB cv‡i gvbyl‡K me iL‡gi †kvlb-eÂbv I wbcxob †_‡K myi¶v w`‡Z, BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxB cv‡i we‡k¦i me †`‡ki gvbyy‡li Rxeb‡K mv”Q›`gq, myLKi Ges me ivóª‡K kvwš—cyY© Ki‡Z| BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxB cv‡i mviv we‡k¦i me gvby‡li g‡a¨ åvZ…‡Z¡i eÜb‡K DË‡ivËi my`„p Ki‡Z| KviY ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxÕ n‡”Q Ggb GKwU cyY©v½ MbZvwš¿K ivóª cwiPvjbv e¨ve¯’v- hv iv‡óªi Dci RbM‡bi me©vwaK AwaKvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi e¨ve¯’v wbwðZ K‡i Ges ¯’vb-Kvj-cvÎ I wj½ wbwe©‡k‡l ivóª KZ©„K cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki cÖvc¨ †gŠwjK AwaKvi mgyn Aev‡a †fvM Kivi Dc‡hvMx e¨ve¯’v wbwðZ K‡i, gvbyl Avi gvby‡li g‡a¨ †f`v‡f`-‰elg¨ `yi K‡i Ges mgvR I iv‡óªi cÖwZ bvMwiK‡`i Aek¨ cvjYxq †gŠwjK `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ mgyn cÖwZcvj‡bi e¨ve¯’v wbwðZ Kivi gva¨‡g iv‡óªi mvwe©K DbœwZ wbwðZ K‡i|

eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i DbœZ ms¯‹iY ev wbD †Rbv‡ikb n‡”Q ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxÕ| BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxÕi Avjv`v wKQz PvwiwÎK ˆewkó i‡q‡Q-hv cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿ †bB| ÔMYZš¿Õ †K eZ©gvb mg‡qi Dc‡hvMx Ki‡Z Ges eZ©gvb we‡k¦ weivwRZ mgm¨v`x †gvKv‡ejvq m¤úyY© m¶g K‡i Zzj‡Z Ges gvby‡li fwel¨r e¨vw³-Rxeb, fwel¨r mgvR-Rxeb I fwel¨r ivwóªq-Rxeb‡K wbivc`, ¯^v”Q‡›`i Ges kvwš—cyY© Ki‡Z MYZš¿‡K cwicyY© K‡i †Zvjv LyeB Ri“ix n‡q D‡V‡Q| KviY †`‡k †`‡k gvby‡li Rxe‡b A¯^w¯’,Aw¯—iZv I Akvwš— µ‡gB e„w× cv‡”Q| cÖPwjZ MYZvwš¿K e¨ve¯’v Zv `yi Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| hvid‡j gvby‡li g‡a¨ nZvkv evo‡Q| ‡¶vf evo‡Q| `vex DV‡Q cwieZ©‡bi| gvby‡li GB AvKvsLv cyi‡Yi †¶‡Î BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gv‡µmx Avkvbyi“c `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i gvbe mf¨Zvi BwZnv‡m bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e e‡j Avwg wek¦vm Kwi|

GLb cÖkœ Avm‡Z cv‡i-BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmx wK Ges Kxfv‡e BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmx mviv we‡k¦i gvby‡li AvKvsLv cyi‡Y mg_©¨ n‡Z cv‡i| GB me cÖ‡kœi Reve Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e wb‡Pi Aa¨vq ¸wj‡Z| Avwg g‡b Kwi Avgvi mv‡_ Av‡iv A‡b‡K GKgZ n‡eb †h, cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i Ggb mvg_©¨-m¶gZv bvB †h,eZ©gv‡b DØyZ RwVj cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Kivi gZ| ZvB MYZš¿‡K mg‡qvc‡hvMx Kivi cÖ‡qvRb ‡`Lv w`‡q‡Q Ges Zv Acwinvh©¨ n‡q c‡o‡Q| ZviciI cÖkœ †Zvjv hvq GB e‡j †h-MYZš¿‡K Avaywbqvb Kiv n‡jB wK mviv we‡k¦i cwiw¯’wZi DbœwZ n‡q hv‡e ? A_ev cÖkœ Kiv hvq-AvaywbKvqb Kiv n‡jB wK MYZš¿ hv`yKix ¶gZvi AwaKvix n‡q DV‡e ? Gi“c me cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e Avwg AZ¨vš— webgª `„pZvq ej‡Z cvwi - n¨uv| KviY gvbyl GLb nZvkvMÖ¯—,w`‡knviv| gvbyl cÖPÛ Aw¯’iZvq fyM‡Q| GwU n‡q‡Q eZ©gv‡bi `ytmn cwiw¯’wZi Rb¨B ïay bq, eis fwel¨r AwbðqZv w`‡bi ci w`b e„w× cvIqvi AvksKvq| wbf©i Kivi gZ ‡Kvb c_-cÖwµqv mvg‡b ‡`L‡Q bv| cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i Dci gvbyl Avi fimv Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| gvbyl GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cwieZ©‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe Ki‡Q| cÖK…Zc‡¶ GB ai‡bi cwiw¯’wZ cwieZ©‡bi Rb¥ †`qvi Rb¨B n‡q _v‡K| hv‡K ejv hvq Ôïb¨ZvÕ| †h ïb¨Zv cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g cyiY n‡q _v‡K bZzb †Kvb cwiw¯’wZ Øviv| GLb cÖ‡qvRb gvby‡li KvswLZ cwiw¯’wZ Øviv GB ïb¨Zv cyi‡Yi| GKvRwU Kivi Rb¨ ‡Kvb bv †Kvb c_-cÖwµqvi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z n‡e gvbyl‡K| cÖPwjZ MYZš¿ †hLv‡b A¶g n‡q c‡o‡Q, †mLv‡b MYZš¿‡K AvaywbKvq‡bi gva¨‡g m¶g K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e A_ev bZzb †Kvb c_-cÖwµqvq †h‡Z n‡e| KviY gvby‡li wew”Qbœ wew¶ß †Póvq GB j‡¶¨ †cuŠQv m¤¢e bq| Avi wew”Qbœ-wew¶ß †Póvi g‡a¨ GKB j¶¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB mKj‡K GKB j‡¶i w`‡K PvwjZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb mK‡ji Kv‡Q wbf©i‡hvM¨ I MÖnb‡hvM¨ c_-cÖwµqv-evnb| ‡Kvb hv`yKix ¶gZvq bq-gvby‡li Awfbœ B”Qv AvKvsLv ‡_‡K m„ó kw³‡K msMwVZ K‡i gvby‡li KvswLZ j‡¶¨i w`‡K gvbyl‡K PvwjZ Kivi wbf©i‡hvM¨ c_, cÖwµqv I evnb n‡”Q ÔBDwbfvmv©j †W‡gvµ¨vmxÕ|

BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmx wK, BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi MVb cÖYvjx wK, BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wK, BDwbfvmv©j †W‡gvµ¨vmxi msÁv wK , BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi e¨vL¨v wK, BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi PvwiwÎK ˆewkó wK Ges AvaywbK iv‡óª BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wK - wb‡Pi Aa¨vq ¸wj‡Z G‡Ki ci GK Dc‡iv³ ckœ ¸wj Reve ‡`qvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Zvi Av‡M Avgiv †`L‡Z †Póv Kie cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i AvaywbKvq‡bi ev AvaywbK MYZ‡š¿I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Av‡Q wK bv|

MYZ‡š¿i AvaywbKvq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv (Necessity of modernization of the Democracy)t

ÔMbZš¿Õ `xN©Kvj †_‡K mviv c„w_exi gvby‡li Kv‡Q DËg ivóª cwiPvjbv e¨ve¯’v wnmv‡e ¯^xK…wZ †c‡q Avm‡Q| GK_v Avgv‡`i‡K ¯^xKvi Ki‡ZB n‡e †h, gvbe mf¨Zvi Dbœq‡bi †¶‡Î Ges gvbyl‡K gvby‡li gh©v`vq cÖwZwôZ Kivi †¶‡Î MbZ‡š¿i Acwimxg Ae`vb i‡q‡Q | Ghver Gi †P‡q fvj Avi †Kvb Ôivóª cwiPvjbv e¨ve¯’vÕ gvbyl †c‡q‡Q e‡j Avgvi Rvbv bvB| ZvB my`xN©Kvj †_‡K ÔMbZš¿Õ gvby‡li me©vwaK cQ‡›`i ivóª cwiPvjbv e¨ve¯’v wn‡m‡e †`‡k †`‡k cÖwZwôZ i‡q‡Q| cÖK…wZi wPivPwiZ wbq‡g GB AwZ RbwcÖq e¨ve¯’vwUI ˆkkeKvj,Zi“YKvj I †hŠebKvj AwZµg K‡i eva©¨‡K¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| ZvB GwU ax‡i ax‡i nxbej-¶xbcÖvb n‡q DV‡Q| Aciw`‡K cwiw¯’wZ µ‡gB RwUj †_‡K RwUjZi n‡q DV‡Q| d‡j cÖPwjZ MYZš¿ µ‡gB gvby‡li Avkv-AvKvsLv cyi‡Y A¶g n‡q DV‡Q| mZ¨B, GRM‡Z gvbem„ó †Kvb wKQzi c‡¶B cÖK…wZi wbq‡gi evB‡i _vKv m¤¢e bq| cÖK…wZi k¦v¯^Z wbq‡gi cÖfv‡e me wKQz wPiKvj ÔDËgÕ n‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| GK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z hv DËg wn‡m‡e gvby‡li Kv‡Q AvKl©bxq,cieZx©Kv‡ji wfbœ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Zv AKvh©Ki I cwiZ¨vh¨ e¨ve¯’vq cwiYZ n‡q D‡V| hvid‡j Gwe‡k¦ gvbyl m„ó †Kvb wKQyi c‡¶B wPiKvj GKBi“c _vKv m¤¢e bq| KviY GLv‡b me e¯‘-e¨ve¯’v wbZ¨ cwieZ©bkxj| wb‡R‡K cwieZ©b bv K‡i †Kvb wKQzi c‡¶B GB wbZ¨ cwieZ©bkxj Ae¯’vi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q Kv‡ji ci wU‡K _vKv m¤¢e bq| ‡mKvi‡Y Abš—Kvj GKBfv‡e wU‡K _vKv m¤¢e bq MbZ‡š¿i c‡¶I| cwi‡ek cwiw¯’wZ cÖwZ wbqZ e`jv‡”Q| wKš‘ †m‡¶‡Î MbZ‡š¿i Kj-Kâv,Kjv-‡KŠkj cwieZ©b n‡”Q bv †gv‡VB| d‡j bZzb m„ó cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Kivi mvg_© nviv‡”Q cÖPwjZ MbZš¿| MbZ‡š¿i Kj-Kâv, Kjv-‡KŠkj Av‡M hv wQj GL‡bv ZvB Av‡Q| A_P gvbe mgv‡Ri cwiw¯’wZ cwieZ©‡bi ci cwiewZ©Z n‡Z n‡Z Ggb GK ch©v‡h G‡m‡Q-‡hLv‡b MbZ‡š¿i cyiv‡bv Kj-Kâv,Kjv-‡KŠkj ¸wj Avi mwVKfv‡e Kv‡R Avm‡Q bv| cÖK…wZi Pjgvb cÖwµqvi mv‡_ gvbe m„ó cÖwµqv Zvj wgwj‡q Pj‡Z bv cvi‡j mgm¨v m„wó nIqvUv ¯^vfvweK| cÖPwjZ MbZš¿I GB mgm¨vq Avµvš—| hvid‡j `ywbqv Ry‡o gvbyl nZvk n‡q D‡V‡Q cÖPwjZ e¨ve¯’vi cÖwZ| gvby‡li g‡b ¯^w¯’ †bB, Rxe‡b ¯^v”Q›` †bB, mgv‡R kvwš— bvB| gvby‡li Rxeb Pvwj‡q hvIqv µ‡gB KwVb n‡q DV‡Q| ivóª gvby‡li GB Amnbxq Ae¯’v `yi Ki‡Z ev‡i ev‡i e¨v_© n‡”Q| hvid‡j gvbyl we`¨gvb e¨ve¯’vi Dci Av¯’v nvwi‡q †dj‡Q| gvbyl LyuR‡Q bZzb c_, bZzb e¨ve¯’v| cwieZ©‡bi `vex‡Z gvbyl †`‡k †`‡k †mv”Qvi n‡q DV‡Q | DbœZ †`k ¸wj‡Z GB `vex Av‡iv †Rviv‡jv n‡q DV‡Q w`‡bi ci w`b| G`vex‡K nvévfv‡e †bqvi †Kvb my‡hvM bvB| eis cÖ‡qvRb Gi KviY wPwýZ Kiv Ges wPwýZ KviY mgyn `yi Kivi j‡¶¨ gvby‡li `vexi AbyKz‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vem’v MÖnb Kiv| GB µgvebwZkxj cwiw¯’wZi gyjKviY wPwýZ Kivi wel‡q Avwg wbtms‡Kv‡P Ges `„pZvi mv‡_ ej‡Z PvB †h, cÖPwjZ MbZ‡š¿i `ye©jZvB GB µgvebwZkxj cwiw¯’wZ m„wói Rb¨ `vqx| ZvB GLb cÖ‡qvRb MbZš¿‡K kw³kvjx I mg‡qvc‡hvMx Kivi e¨ve¯’v †bqv| GKvR hZB wejw¤^Z n‡e-ZZB gvby‡li Kó evo‡e, mvgvwRK Aw¯’iZv evo‡e, cwew¯’wZ Akvš— n‡e †`‡k †`‡k|

gvby‡li Rxe‡b ¯^w¯— wdwi‡q Avb‡Z n‡j Ges ivóª‡K DbœwZi avivq mPj ivL‡Z n‡j Ges e¨vw³ Rxe‡b, mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡k, ivwóªq ch©v‡q Z_v we‡k¦i me©Î kvwš— eRvq ivL‡Z n‡j MYZš¿‡K eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Dc‡hvMx Kj-Kâv,Kjv-‡KŠkj Øviv mvwR‡q kw³kvjx Kiv Qvov MZ¨vš—i bvB | b‡Pr GB µgvebwZi aviv †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmv m¤¢e n‡e bv †Kvb RvZxi c‡¶B| ZvB cÖ‡qvRb cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i `ye©jZv ¸wj `yi Kiv, cÖ‡qvRb MYZ‡š¿i AvaywbKvqb|

wb‡P cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿ cwijw¶Z `ye©jZv mgyn wPwýZ Kiv nj Ges Gme `ye©jZv ¸wji Dci Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv| Avwg g‡b Kwi, wb‡P †h mKj mvaviY(Kgb) `ye©jZv ¸wj‡K wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q-Zvi evB‡iI wKQz `ye©jZv i‡q‡Q

cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿ we`¨gvb `ye©j w`K mgyn :

1. RbMb I iv‡óªi g‡a¨ Nwbó m¤úK© i¶vq A¶gZv |

e¨vL¨v - MYZvwš¿K ivóª mgMÖ RbM‡bi Ges RbMb iv‡óªi GKgvÎ gvwjK| RbM‡bi ivóª Z_v miKvi RbM‡bi B”Qvq Pj‡e Ges RbM‡bi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡e GUvB ¯^vfvweK| GB `yÕ Gi gvSLv‡b Ggb Kv‡iv ¯’vb cvIqvi K_v bq, hvi Øviv ivóªª I RbM‡bi g‡a¨ `yiZ¡ ˆZix n‡Z cv‡i| RbM‡bi ivóª me©ve¯’vq RbM‡bi cÖwZ AbyMZ _vK‡e Ges RbM‡bi B”Qv cyi‡Y me©`v mev©‡½ wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡e Ges RbMb †hgb PvB‡e ivóª †ZgbB †mev w`‡e- GUvB n‡”Q MYZ‡š¿i ˆewkó Ges RbMb I iv‡óªi g‡a¨ KvswLZ m¤úK©| GLv‡b MYZ‡š¿i `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q RbMb I iv‡óªi g‡a¨ GB Nwbó m¤úK© eRvq †i‡L RbM‡bi Kj¨v‡Y iv‡óªi †mevmgyn wbwðZ Kiv| MYZvwš¿K wbq‡g iv‡óªi Kv‡Q RbM‡bi cÖZ¨vwkZ †mev wbwðZ Kivi `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q miKv‡ii| miKvi RbM‡bi mg_©b wb‡q iv‡óªi †mev `v‡bi KvR ¸wj h_vh_fv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi gva¨‡g RbM‡bi Kj¨vY wbwðZ Ki‡e- GUvB MYZ‡š¿i Kv‡Q MÖnb‡hvM¨ PwiÎ| wKš‘ MYZ‡š¿i GB ¸i“Z¡cyY© PvwiwÎK ˆewkówU‡K ev¯—e ‡¶‡Î cwicyY©i“‡c †Kv_vI cvIqv hvq bv| ev¯—‡e †`Lv hvq, miKvi cwiPvjbvi ØvwqZ¡ cÖvß RbcÖwZwbwaMb I iv‡óªi Avg&jviv (Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix) ivóª I RbM‡bi gvSLv‡b Ggb GK ¯’vb ˆZix K‡i †bq, hv RbMb I iv‡óªi g‡a¨ ¯úó `yiZ¡ ˆZix K‡i| Z‡e GB `yiZ¡ †Kv_vI †ekx, †Kv_vI Kg| †h iv‡óªi miKvi RbM‡bi gZvgZ‡K I cÖZ¨vkv‡K †ekx ¸i“Z¡ †`q, †mLv‡b `yiZ¡ Kg Ges †h iv‡óªi miKvi RbM‡bi gZvgZ I cÖZ¨vkv‡K Kg ¸i“Z¡ †`q, †mLv‡b †ekx `yi‡Z¡i m„wó nq| wKš‘ Ggb iv‡óªi Aw¯’Z¡ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv-‡hLv‡b RbM‡bi cÖZ¨vkvi mv‡_ kZfvM wgj †i‡L ivóª cwiPvwjZ n‡q _v‡K| GwU cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i D‡jL‡hvM¨ `ye©jZv mgy‡ni g‡a¨ GKwU| cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i GB `ye©jZvi Kvi‡Y RbM‡bi B”Qv-AvKvsLv¸wj gvSc‡_ evav cÖvß nq wKsev RbM‡Yi B”Qv-AvKvsLvi mv‡_ wgj †bB Ggb c‡_ PvwjZ nq ivóª| iv‡óªi Kj¨vYagx© i“c-PwiÎ A‡bK †¶‡ÎB RbM‡bi aiv-‡Quvqvi evB‡i †_‡K hvq| iv‡óªi Kj¨vYagx© †mev †_‡K RbMb ewÂZ nq Ges iv‡óªi MYZvwš¿K PwiÎ Pvcv c‡o _v‡K| ivóª RbM‡bi bv n‡q wKQz gvby‡li wbqwš¿Z cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ nq| hvid‡j RbMb‡K AbvKvswLZ cwiw¯’wZi wkKvi n‡Z nq Ges ivóª ¯^v_© ¶wZMÖ¯— nq|

2. RbM‡bi cÖwZ iv‡óªi wkw_j `vqe×Zv |

e¨vL¨v - MYZvwš¿K ivóª Z_v miKvi me wel‡q RbM‡bi Kv‡Q `vqe×| GLv‡b †Kvb KvRB RbM‡bi mg_©b MÖnb Qvov Kivi my‡hvM bvB| iv‡óªi KvR Pvjv‡bvi ØvwqZ¡ cÖvß miKvi RbM‡bi B”Qv-AvKvsLvi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L ivóª cwiPvjbvi Aw½Kvi K‡i _v‡K Ges ØvwqZ¡ MÖn‡bi ci †mB Aw½Kv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úyY© wgj †i‡L ivóª cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ RbMb KZ©„K wbe©vwPZ miKvi cyivcywi `vqe×| wKš‘ ev¯—‡e †`Lv hvq, miKvi A‡bK mgq Zv‡`i †NvwlZ bxwZgvjv I Aw½Kvi Gi evB‡i wM‡q KvR K‡i _v‡K wKsev Ggb wKQz KvR K‡i _v‡K hv Kivi †Kvb g¨v‡ÛU RbMb †`qwb| GUv cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i eo `ye©j w`K| GB `ye©jZv †h iv‡óª hZ †ekx †m iv‡óªi RbMb‡K ZZ ‡ekx gvÎvq MYZvwš¿K †¯^”QvPvwiZvi wkKvi n‡Z nq| hv iv‡óªi Rb¨ hZUv ¶wZKi, Z‡ZvwaK ¶wZKi RbM‡bi Rb¨I| KviY ivóª I RbMb‡K GRb¨ AbvKvswLZ cwiw¯’wZi wkKvi n‡Z nq| wKš‘ RbMb Zvr¶wbK fv‡e †Kvb cÖwZKvi gyjK e¨ve¯’v wb‡Z cv‡i bv| A‡c¶v Ki‡Z nq cieZx© wbe©vPb ch©š—|

3. `ybx©wZ e„w× †iv‡a A¶gZv|

e¨vL¨v - RbMb‡K me© cÖKvi †kvlb cxob †_‡K i¶v Kiv Ges ivwóªq ¯^v_© h_vh_ fv‡e i¶v Kiv MYZvwš¿K iv‡óªi Z_v miKv‡ii cÖavb `vwqZ¡ mgy‡ni GKwU| `ybx©wZ Ggb GKwU N„b¨ KvR- hvi Øviv bvMwiKiv ‡kvl‡bi wkKvi nq, mywePvi I mykvmb evavMÖ¯— nq Ges ivóª ¶wZMÖ¯— nq| A‰ea Avw_©K †kvlb Pvwj‡q ivóª‡K Ges RbMb‡K ¶wZMÖ¯— K‡i gvSLv‡b GKwU `ybx©wZevR Pµ M‡o D‡V| iv‡óªi Z_v miKv‡ii wbw®ŒqZv-wbieZv-`ye©jZvi Rb¨ GB `y®K…wZKvix Pµ w`‡bi ci w`b kw³kvjx n‡q D‡V| G‡`i Amr D‡Ïk¨‡K PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ ivwóªq ¶gZv ev cÖvwZôvwbK ¶gZv e¨envi K‡i gvbyl‡K ‡jvf ev fxwZi duv‡` †d‡j wKsev ivwóªq ¶gZvi Ace¨venvi K‡i myweav I ¯^v_©v‡š^lx gvbyl‡`i A‰ea myweav-¯^v_© ‡hvMvb w`‡q Avw_©K dvq`v nvwmj K‡i _v‡K| d‡j iv‡óªi ev RvZxq ¯^v_© ¶wZMÖ¯— nq, iv‡óªi Kj¨vYagx© PwiÎ bó nq, RbM‡bi MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi AvNvZcÖvß nq, RbMb AwePvi I Ackvm‡bi huvZvK‡j wbw®úó nq Ges m‡e©vcwi RbMb‡K †kvl‡bi wkKvi n‡Z nq| ZvB `ybx©wZ ivóª ,RbMb, mf¨Zv, mykvmb I mywePv‡ii kÎ“| GK K_vq `ybx©wZ n‡”Q MYZ‡š¿i kÎ“| KviY `ybx©wZ MYZ‡š¿i me ¸Y-‰ewkó¸wj‡K aŸsm K‡i †`q| `ybx©wZ Ggb GK wµqvkxj A`„k¨ kÎ“kw³ - hv ewntivwóªq kÎ“i †P‡qI gvivZ¥K| KviY `ybx©wZ RbM‡bi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb wb‡q RbMb Øviv RbM‡bi ¶wZ K‡i Ges ivóª KvUv‡gvi ¸i“Z¡cyY© ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb wb‡q ivóª ¯^v_© I Rb ¯^v‡_©i gvivZ¥K ¶wZmvab K‡i _v‡K| iv‡óªi †Kv_vI `ybx©wZ mvgvb¨ cwigvY ¯’vb †c‡j Zv `ª“Z cÖmvwiZ n‡Z _v‡K| `ybx©wZ RvZxi HK¨, RvZxi †`k‡cÖg, RvZxi g‡bvej, iv‡óªi cÖwZ RbM‡bi AvbyMZ¨ I ØvwqZ¡, RbM‡bi cÖwZ iv‡óªi Z_v miKv‡ii ØvwqZ¡, RbM‡bi AwaKvi, AvB‡bi kvm‡bi cÖwZ RbM‡bi kª×v‡eva, mywePvi I mykvmb -GK K_vq MYZvwš¿K iv‡óªi me ¸Yvejx‡K aŸsm K‡i Ges ivóª kw³‡K `ye©j K‡i †`q| A_P cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿ `ybx©wZ cªwZ‡iv‡ai wel‡q †Kvb Aw½Kvi bvB| MYZ‡š¿i GB cÖavb kÎ“‡K cÖwZ‡iva Kivi ev cÖwZnZ Kivi welq MYZZwš¿K Aw½Kv‡ii evB‡i ivLvi w`b eû Av‡MB dzwi‡q †M‡Q| MYZš¿‡K Avi Aiw¶Z ivLv hvq bv| KviY cÖPwjZ MYZvwš¿K e¨ve¯’vq hviv `ybx©wZ cÖwZ‡iv‡ai e¨ve¯’v Ki‡e-Zv‡`i c‡¶ `ybxwZi ¯^v` †bhv wKsev `ybx©wZi c‡_ Ae¯’vb Kivi h‡_ó my‡hvM i‡q‡Q | d‡j `ybx©wZ mviv c„w_exi cÖwZwU †`‡k w`‡bi ci w`b †Su‡K em‡Q| RbcÖwZwbwaiv †Kb `ybx©wZ‡K cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z e¨v_© n‡”Q ev Ki‡Q bv-GB cÖ‡kœi m‡`vËi cvIqv cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿ LyeB KwVb KvR n‡e| KviY cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿ †mB e¨ve¯’v bvB| GwU cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i GKwU eo `ye©jZv| †hLv‡b `ybx©wZ evo‡Q †mLv‡b MYZš¿ `ye©j n‡”Q| `ybx©wZ Avi MYZš¿ ci¯úi we‡ivax| KviY MYZš¿ RbM‡bi Ges ivóª ¯^v_©‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ wb‡ew`Z Avi `ybx©wZ RbM‡bi ¯^v_© I ivwóªq ¯^v_©‡K ¶wZMÖ¯— K‡i AevwÂZ c¶‡K cyó K‡i _v‡K| AZGe MYZš¿ I `ybx©wZ GKB mv‡_ Pj‡Z cv‡i bv| MYZš¿ I `ybx©wZ‡K GKB mv‡_ Pj‡Z †`qv hvq bv| wKš‘ cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i GB `ye©jZvi Kvi‡b RbMb Awbqg-AbvPvi-mš¿vm-`ybx©wZi Kv‡Q wRw¤§ n‡q co‡Q| MYZ‡š¿i GB `ye©jZvi d‡j MYZ‡š¿i myóz weKvk n‡”Qbv, RbMb I ivóª GKB mv‡_ ¶wZi wkKvi n‡”Q|

4. RbM‡bi byb¨Zg Avw_©K wbivcËv i¶vq A¶gZv|

e¨vL¨v - MbZvwš¿K iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡`i g‡a¨ iv‡óªi Kv‡Q †h cÖZ¨vkvUv me †P‡q †ekx wµqvkxj, †mwU n‡”Q Avw_©K mywePvi cÖvwß| RbM‡bi cÖwZ Avw_©K mywePvi wbwðZ Kiv MbZvwš¿K iv‡óªi cÖavbZg ØvwqZ¡ mgy‡ni GKwU| wKš‘ cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿ GB welqwU me‡P‡q †ekx D‡cw¶Z| MYZ‡š¿i †Kvb PvwiwÎK ˆewk‡ói g‡a¨ ev ixwZ-bxwZ‡Z GB welqwU m¤ú‡K© my¯úó wKQz D‡jL bv _vKvq GK GK †`k GK GK ai‡bi e¨ve¯’v-c×wZ AbymiY K‡i _v‡K| hw`I Avw_©K wbivcËv cÖvwß bvMwiK‡`i †gŠwjK AwaKvi mgy‡ni GKwU-Z_vwc †Kv_vI GB AwaKviwU‡K wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki ‡Kvb e¨ve¯’v-c×wZ ivLv nqwb| d‡j bvMwiKiv Kg-‡ekx Avw_©K †kvlb-‰el‡g¨i wkKvi n‡”Q cÖ‡Z¨K iv‡óª| MYZvwš¿K ivóª mgy‡ni †Kv_vI †Kv_vI Avw_©K †kvlb-‰elg¨ GZ †ekx cwijw¶Z nq †h, †hLv‡b gvby‡l gvby‡l we¯—i e¨veavb ˆZix n‡q‡Q| iv‡óªi GK`j myweav‡fvMx mvgvb¨ msL¨K bvMwiK †ekx cwigvb Avw_©K myweav †fvM Ki‡e Avi weivU msL¨K mvaviY bvMwiK Rxeb Pvjv‡bvi gZ A_© DcvR©‡bi myweav †_‡K ewÂZ _vK‡e-Zv KL‡bv MYZš¿ mb¥Z e¨ve¯’v n‡Z cv‡i bv| Avw_©K mywePvi Z_v Avw_©K wbivcËv cÖvwß cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki †gŠwjK AwaKvi| GB AwaKvi †_‡K bvMwiK‡`i‡K ewÂZ ‡i‡L MYZš¿‡K cwicyY©Zv `vb Kiv KL‡bvB m¤¢e bq| RbMb‡K GB AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ †i‡L A_©vr RbMb‡K †kvlb-cxob K‡i ivóª ‡K eo Kiv wKsev Ab¨ †Kvb c¶‡K cyó-Zzó Kivi g‡a¨ RbM‡bi mš‘wói wKQzB bvB| MYZvwš¿K iv‡óªi Kv‡Q RbM‡bi Zv Kvg¨I bq| cÖPwjZ MYZvwš¿K e¨ve¯’vq bvMwiK‡`i‡K Avw_©K wbivcËv †`qvi †Kvb my¯úó bxwZ-wb‡`©kbv bvB| iv‡óªi A_©bxwZ I Avw_©K e¨ve¯’vcbv †Kgb n‡e, Avq I m¤ú` e›Ub e¨ve¯’v †Kgb n‡e- Zv mywbw`©ªó Kivi †Kvb bxwZ-wb‡`©kbv bvB| †m‡nZz welqwU ivRbxwZK‡`i ivR‰bwZK Aw½Kvi I †Lqvj-gwR©i Dci P‡j Avm‡Q| cÖPwjZ MbZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vq welqwU‡K Ggb fv‡e ivLv n‡q‡Q, hv‡Z iv‡óªi A_©bxwZK e¨e¯’v c×wZ wK n‡e ev †Kgb n‡e-Zv mswkó iv‡óªi bvMwiKivB Zv‡`i Pvwn`vi Av‡jv‡K wVK Ki‡e| ev¯—‡e ZvI nq bv| KviY ivRbxwZK‡`i wbe©vPbx Aw½Kv‡i ev †Nvlbvq hZUv RbM‡bi Avkv-AvKvsLv cÖwZdwjZ nq - wbe©vPb cieZx©Kv‡ji ev¯—e cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Zvi cÖwZdjb ZZUv †`Lv hvq bv| d‡j RbM‡bi Avkv-cÖZ¨vkv me mgqB AcyY© †_‡K hvq| cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿ GB ¸i“Z¡cyY© welqwU m¤ú‡K© mywbw`ª©ó bxwZ-wb‡`©kbv bv _vKvi d‡j ivRbxwZK‡`i †Lqvj-gwR©i Kv‡Q RbMb Zv‡`i GB ¸i“Z¡cyY© AwaKviwU‡K ewj w`‡Z eva¨ nq| eva¨ nq AcÖZ¨vwkZ cwiw¯’wZi m¤§yLxb n‡Z| iv‡óªi myweav‡fvMx AwZ Aí msL¨K gvbyl wewfbœ Kjv-‡KŠkj LvwU‡q wKsev ¶gZvi `vc‡U ev kw³i ‡Rv‡i iv‡óªi †ekx cwigvb A_© I m¤ú` ‡fvM K‡i _v‡K| Avi Aciw`‡K AwaK msL¨K mvaviY gvbyl mvivw`b kªg w`‡qI ¯^v”Q‡›` Rxeb Pvjv‡bvi gZ A_© Avq Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j iv‡óªi Aí msL¨K gvbyl abx †_‡K Av‡iv abx nq Avi wecyj msL¨K mvaviY gvbyl `vwi`ªZvi g‡a¨ RxebcvZ Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| GB Ae¯’v Pj‡Z _vKvi d‡j abxiv Av‡iv abx n‡Z _v‡K Ges `wi`ª‡`i msL¨v I `vwi`ªZv Av‡iv e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| hvi Awbevh¨© cwiYwZ‡Z `wi`ª‡`i Rxeb hvcb gvb µ‡gB wb‡Pi w`‡K bvg‡Z _v‡K| Zv‡`i Rxeb Pvjv‡bv KóKi n‡q D‡V| KLbI Ggb n‡q _v‡K †h, Avq-‡ivRMvi Ki‡Z bv cviv nZfvM¨ gvbyl‡`i Rxeb evuwP‡q ivLvi ‡gŠwjK AwaKviwUI i¶v Ki‡Z e¨v_© nq ivóª| cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i GB A¶gZv MYZvwš¿K iv‡óªi Kv‡Q †Kvb fv‡eB Kvg¨ bq Ges MÖnb‡hvM¨I bq| iv‡óªi AwaKvsk bvMwiK‡K fwel¨r AwbðqZvi g‡a¨ †i‡L wKQz msL¨K gvbyl‡K gvÎvwZwi³ Avw_©K myweav †fv‡Mi my‡hvM K‡i †`qv †Kvb w`K †_‡KB hyw³m½Z ev mywePvi m¤§Z n‡Z cv‡i bv| iv‡óªi cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Avw_©K wbivcËvi e¨ve¯’v my`„p I mywbwðZ Kiv MbZvwš¿K iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡ Ges iv‡óªi mvg_©¨ Abymv‡i iv‡óªi Kv‡Q byb¨Zg Avw_©K wbivcËv cvIqv cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi| bvMwiK‡`i GB AwaKviwU MYZvwš¿K wbqg-bxwZ-c×wZ Øviv msi¶b Kivi e¨ve¯’v bv †i‡L ivRbxwZK‡`i †Lqvj-Lykxi Dci †Q‡o †`qvi d‡j µ‡gB mvaviY bvMwiK‡`i Ae¯’v Lviv‡ci w`‡K hv‡”Q| wewfbœ †`k wewfbœ fv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Q GB cwiw¯’wZ| cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i wfwË‡Z RbM‡bi Avw_©K wbevcËv weav‡bi e¨ve¯’v wbwðZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ggb ivóª Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e LyeB Kg| KviY ‡hLv‡b ivRbxwZK‡`i †Lqv‡ji Dci P‡j iv‡óªi A_©bxwZ, †mLv‡b RbM‡bi Avw_©K wbivcËv cyivcyix wbwðZ nIqv KL‡bvB m¤¢e bq| GUvB cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i me †P‡q eo `ye©jZv| GB `ye©jZvi Kvi‡YB cÖPwjZ MYZš¿ RbM‡bi cÖwZ Avw_©K mywePvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z Ges RbM‡bi Avw_©K wbivcËv †`qvi AwaKvi myi¶v Ki‡Z A¶g|

5. kvwš— i¶vi welqwU MYZ‡š¿i mnRvZ ¸b i“‡c cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z bv cviv|

kvwš— gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`v ¸wji g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| kvwš— cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li Kv‡Q, cÖ‡Z¨K mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q, cÖ‡Z¨K †`k-RvZx-iv‡óªi Kv‡Q cig KvswLZ welq| kvwš—‡Z mgvRe× n‡q Rxeb hvcb Kiv gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi| KviY Avgiv Rvwb †h, †hLv‡b kvwš— †bB - †mLv‡b ¯^w¯’-¯^v”Q›` †bB , †mLv‡b mf¨Zv †bB, †mLv‡b mg„w×-DbœwZ wKQzB †bB| ZvB Gme wKQz AR©‡bi cye©kZ© n‡”Q e¨vw³ Rxe‡b, mgvR Rxe‡b Ges ivwóªq Rxe‡bi me©Î kvwš—i c_ AbymiY Kiv, kvwš— i¶v Kiv, kvwš— eRvq ivLv Ges mev©e¯’vq kvwš—i c_‡K AMÖvwaKvi †`qv| hw`I kvwš—‡Z Rxeb hvcb Kiv gvby‡li cigvKvswLZ welq, Z_vwcI kvwš— i¶v Kivi welqwU cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i `vwq‡Z¡i evB‡i i‡q †M‡Q | e¨vw³ Rxe‡b, mgvR Rxe‡b Ges ivwóªq Rxe‡b kvwš‘i gZ GKwU Acwinvh©¨ I ¸i“Z¡cyY© welq‡K MYZvwš¿K KvVv‡gvi evB‡i ivLvi w`b †kl| †h‡nZz ÔMYZš¿Õ gvby‡li me †gŠwjK Pvwn`v ¸wj cyi‡Yi Rb¨ Aw½Kvie×, †m‡nZz Aek¨B GB ¸i“Z¡cyY© welqwU MYZ‡š¿i mnRvZ ¸b-‰ewkó wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡e, GUvB MYZ‡š¿i Kv‡Q RbM‡bi cÖZ¨vwkZ Ges AZ¨vš— hyw³m½Z| MYZš¿ ‡h‡nZz m¤úyY©ZB wbqg, k„•Ljv I kvwš— wbf©i Av`k©| †m‡nZz †hLv‡b Awbqg KvR K‡i-‡mLv‡b MYZš¿ weKvk jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, †hLv‡b wek„sLjv P‡j-‡mLv‡b MYZš¿ wbw®Œq n‡q c‡o| GK K_vq †hLv‡b Awbqg Avi wek„sLjv Ae¨vnZ fv‡e Pj‡Z _v‡K †mLv‡b MYZš¿ AKvh©Ki I A_©nxb n‡q c‡o| ‡hLv‡b MYZš¿ A_©nxb ev AKvh©Ki †mLv‡b kvwš— KL‡bvB Avm‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY Ôkvwš—Õ n‡”Q gvby‡li ‡gŠwjK Pvwn`vi welq| hv Qvov gvby‡li Rxeb I MYZ‡š¿i myóz weKvk n‡Z cv‡ibv| ZvB kvwš—‡K gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`vfy³ welq wnmv‡e Mb¨ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges kvwš— i¶v Kiv MYZ‡š¿i Ab¨Zg Aw½Kvi ev `vwqZ¡ wnmv‡e Mb¨ n‡e|

MYZ‡š¿i cÖavb KvR n‡e kvwš— i¶vi wel‡q Avclnxb _vKv| KviY †hLv‡b kvwš— Abycw¯’Z _vK‡e-‡mLv‡b Ab¨ †Kvb fvj KvRB myóz fv‡e m¤úbœ n‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB kvwš—‡K AwfeveKnxb Ae¯’vq ivLvi w`b †kl| GLb mgq G‡m‡Q kvwš—‡K MYZ‡š¿i KvUv‡gvi g‡a¨ wb‡q Avmvi| cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿ GB welqwU m¤ú‡K© my¯úó bxwZ-wb‡`©kbv bv _vKvi d‡j weåvš— Rbc‡` KL‡bv KL‡bv Ggb cwiw¯’wZi D™¢e n‡q _v‡K - †hLv‡b kvwš—i c_ D‡cw¶Z nq, wek„sLjv gv_vPvov †`q, mf¨Zv Pvcv c‡o hvq AivRKZvi me©bvkv ZrciZvq| MYZvwš¿K †`‡k Ggb cwiw¯’wZ m„wó n‡q _v‡K MbZvwš¿K AwaKvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î mxgv j½b Kivi d‡j| MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi cÖ‡qvMKvix me c‡¶i Rb¨ GKUv mywbw`ªó AvPibmxgvbv ev AvPibwewa bv _vKvi d‡j Ggb cwiw¯’wZi m„wó n‡q _v‡K| BnvB cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i `ye©j w`K| ‡hKvi‡Y weåvwš—i m„wó nq, hv RbMb‡K wef³ K‡i Ges AbvKvswLZ cwiw¯’wZi m„wó K‡i| e¨vw³ Rxeb Avµvš— nq, mgvR Rxeb wech©¯— nh, ivwóªq Rxe‡b AivRKZv †b‡g Av‡m, MYZš¿ gyL _ye‡o c‡o Ges ivóª‡K `ye©j K‡i|

MYZ‡š¿i AvaywbKvq‡b BDwbfvm©vj ‡W‡gvµ¨vmxi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

(Necessity of Universal Democracy to modernize the democracy):

MbZš¿‡K `ye©jZv gy³ Ki‡Z n‡j ev eZ©gv‡bi Dc‡hvMx Ki‡Z n‡j Aek¨B Aek¨B G‡K ms¯‹v‡ii gva¨‡g bZzbfv‡e mvRv‡Z n‡e| Gi KvVv‡gv‡Z †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e mgq Dc‡hvMx Kj-Kâv Ges mgq Dc‡hvMx Kjv-‡KŠkj| Zvn‡jB MbZš¿ cyY©i“‡c m¶g n‡e eZ©gv‡b weivwRZ mgm¨v mgyn †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z Ges RbM‡bi AvKvsLv cyi‡bi gva¨‡g ivóª‡K RbM‡bi KvswLZ j‡¶¨i w`‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z|

cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i `ye©jZvi Rb¨ RbM‡bi †fvMvwš— w`‡bi ci w`b evo‡Q-welqwU †h RvZx hZ Av‡M Dcjwã Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e-‡m RvZxi Rxe‡b KvswLZ cwieZ©bI ZZ Av‡M Avm‡e| GUvB mZ¨ Ges GUvB ev¯—e| GB †¶‡Î cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i `ye©jZv ¸wj wPwýZ Kiv `iKvi mve©Rwbb `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K Ges wPwýZ `ye©jZv ¸wj `ywiKi‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨ve¯’v †bqv Ri“ix n‡q c‡o‡Q | KvRwU KwVb bq| nq‡Zv †`k I RvZx †f‡` Gi wKQz ZviZg¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i| †gŠwjK `ye©jZv ¸wj wK›š‘ me †`‡kB Kg-‡ekx we`¨gvb| Zvi mv‡_ Av‡iv †hvM n‡q‡Q †`kR mgm¨v| ZvB MYZ‡š¿i `ye©jZv wPwýZ Kivi †¶‡Î GKgZ nIqv m¤¢e n‡jI †`Lv hv‡e wPwýZ `ye©jZv `ywiKi‡bi †¶‡Î bvbv gywbi bvbv gZ i‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î GB bvbv gZ‡K GKg‡Z G‡b MYZ‡š¿i gZ GKwU wek¦e¨vwc kZ kZ ermi hver wU‡K _vKv wekvj cÖwZôv‡bi ms¯‹v‡i nvZ †`qv Lye eo KwVb KvR n‡e| KviY gvbyl Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b Pvq mZ¨ wKš‘ ARvbv A‡Pbv c‡_ cv evov‡Z fq cvq| gvbyl‡K Avk¦¯’ Kivi gZ cwi¯‹vi c_ cwiKíbv I j¶¨ w¯’i Kiv _vK‡Z n‡e| †QvU-LvU GK `ywU ms¯‹vi K‡i eo †Kvb cwieZ©b Avm‡e bv| `ye©jZv `yi Ki‡Z n‡e MYZ‡š—i cyiv KvUv‡gvi, wkKo †_‡K †kLi ch©š—| Zv n‡jB cyiv‡bv MYZš¿ Avevi bZzb kw³ mvg‡_© †R‡M DV‡e RbM‡bi AvKvsLv cyi‡Yi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivi cyY© m¶gZv wb‡q| †h RvZx GB KvR mdjZvi mv‡_ m¤úbœ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e,†m RvZx †h `ª“Z GwM‡q hv‡e fwel¨‡Zi c‡_ -GK_v `„pZvi mv‡_ ejv hvq|

‡h RvZx¸wj weåvwš—i g‡a¨ Av‡Q-Zv‡`i †PZbv †_‡K †`v`yj¨gvbZv `yi Ki‡Z n‡j cÖPwjZ MbZ‡š¿i wPwýZ `ye©jZv ¸wj‡K Zv‡`i mvg‡b ¯úófv‡e Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e Ges wK wK e¨ve¯’v Øviv wPwýZ `ye©jZv ¸wj `yi Kiv m¤¢e, ‡m e¨ve¯’v-c×wZ ¸wj m¤ú‡K© I cwi¯‹vi aviYv w`‡Z n‡e | ZLb AebwZkxj Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ NyicvK LvIqv RvZx mgyn eyS‡Z m¶g n‡e †h, ‡Kv_vq Zv‡`i gyj mgm¨v Ges GB mgm¨v †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi c_ wK Ges KiYxq wK| wKš‘ KvRwU Ki‡e †K ? †K D×vi Ki‡e Zv‡`i‡K weåvwš—i AÜKvi †_‡K ? †K †`Lv‡e gyw³i c_ ? nu¨v, GKvRwU Avgv‡`i‡KB Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡`i‡K ¯§ib Ki‡Z n‡e †mB BwZnvm| †hgb GKmgq MYZš¿ ej‡Z wKQzB wQjbv| wQjbv GiLg Av‡iv A‡bK wKQzB| gvbyl gvby‡li cÖ‡qvR‡b Gme m„wó K‡i‡Q| gvby‡li cª‡qvRb †gUv‡Z Gme wU‡K Av‡Q hy‡Mi ci hyM, Kv‡ji ci Kvj| hLb †Kvb wKQyi g‡a¨ gvby‡li Pvwn`v cyi‡Yi ¶gZv n«vm cv‡e ZLb gvby‡li Pvwn`v ev cÖZ¨vkv cyiY Kivi gZ bZzb †Kvb e¨ve¯’vi Rb¥ n‡e- GUvB cÖK…wZi wPiKvjxb wbqg| ZLb gvbyl cyiv‡bv e¨ve¯’v †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡e Ges MÖnb Ki‡e bZz‡bi ¯^v`| gvbyl me mgqB bZzb †K Pvq, Pvq Av‡iv fvj| gvbyl `ytmn Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ ‡QvÆ RxebUv‡K Wywe‡q †i‡L Kó w`‡Z Pvq bv| gvbyl Gi“c Ae¯’v †_‡K wPiKvj gyw³ †P‡q‡Q| GL‡bv ZvB Pvq| fwel¨‡ZI Zv PvB‡e| gvby‡li GB PvIqv cyiY Kiv m¤¢e n‡e ZLbB,hLb ÔMbZšÕ¿ mg‡qi Pvwn`v cyi‡Yi †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e| MYZš¿‡K GB †hvM¨Zvq †hvM¨ K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡j G‡K AvaywbK Kj-Kâv Avi Kjv-‡KŠkj Øviv mvRv‡bv `iKvi| GB AbyfywZ †_‡K ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxÕi D™¢e| cÖK…Zc‡¶ ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxÕ n‡”Q MYZ‡š¿i AvaywbK i“c-hv cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i `ye©jZv ¸wj ‡_‡K gy³ Ges eZ©gv‡bi mgm¨v ‡gvKv‡ejvq m¤úyY© m¶g Ges gvby‡li my›`i fwel¨Z Movi Rb¨ Aw½Kvie×| GRb¨ MYZš¿‡K AvaywbK hy‡Mi Dc‡hvMx Ki‡Z AvaywbK MYZš¿ wn‡m‡e ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvK¨vmxÕi cÖ‡qvRb Acwinvh©¨|

BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmx wK (What is Universal Democracy) :

BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmx n‡”Q †mB MYZvwš¿K e¨ve¯’v c×wZ-hvnv RbM‡bi iv‡óª RbM‡bi cyY© AwaKvi I RbM‡bi cyY© wbqš¿Y cÖwZwôZ K‡i Ges ivóª I RbM‡bi g‡a¨ Nwbó m¤úK© eRvq ivLvi gva¨‡g ivóª‡K RbM‡bi B”QvKvsLvbyhvqx RbM‡bi j‡¶¨i w`‡K PvwjZ K‡i|

BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmx-gyw³, mg„w× I kvwš—i c_

(The Universal Democracy-way of peace, posperity and freedom) t

cÖPwjZ MYZš¿ gvby‡li AwaKvi i¶v Ki‡Z, gvby‡li Rxeb‡K ¯^w¯’-¯^v”Q›`cyY© ivL‡Z, iv‡óªi DbœwZ Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z Ges me©Î gvby‡li cigviva¨ kvwš— eRvq ivL‡Z µ‡gB e¨v_© n‡”Q| me iv‡óªB Kg-‡ekx GB Ae¯’v Pj‡Q| GB Ae¯’vi DbœwZ n‡”Q bv †Kvb fv‡eB| mviv c„w_ex Ry‡o GK ai‡bi APjve¯’v weivR Ki‡Q| iv‡óªi RbMb †hgb nZvkvq fyM‡Q, wVK †Zgwb ivóª kvmK‡`i g‡a¨I weivR Ki‡Q A¯^w¯’| †KD kvwš—‡Z †bB| RbMb Am‡š—vl cÖKvk Ki‡Q mivKv‡ii wei“‡×| hw`I GB e¨v_©Zvi `vq iv‡óªi Dci eZ©vq, Z‡e ivóª‡K `vqx Kiv hvq bv| KviY iv‡óªi wb‡Ri wKQzB Kivi ¶gZv bvB, wb‡Ri B”Qvq ivóª P‡j bv| ivóª P‡j miKvi Øviv| †h‡nZz ivóª P‡j miKvi Øviv ,†m‡nZz `vq miKv‡ii| Ges †h‡nZz Bnv RbM‡bi wbe©vwPZ miKvi, †m‡nZz `vq †kl ch©š— Movq RbM‡bi DciB| RbMb Zv g‡g© g‡g© eyS‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ wbe©vPb bv Avmv ch©š— wKQzB Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GKmgq h_vwbq‡g wbe©vPb Av‡m,cwieZ©b nq miKv‡ii| wKš‘ †`Lv hvq RbM‡bi Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b nqbv| RbM‡bi KvswLZ Ae¯’v Av‡m bv| eis KL‡bv KL‡bv Ae¯’vi Av‡iv Av‡iv AebwZ n‡q _v‡K| Gfv‡e P‡j Avm‡Q cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i ivóª¸wj| wKš‘ GL‡bv gvbyl ey‡S DV‡Z cv‡iwb - wK Rb¨ ev wK Kvi‡Y GgbwU n‡”Q| gvbyl GZw`b `vqx K‡i‡Q miKvi‡K| m‡egvÎ `vqx Kiv ïi“ n‡q‡Q c×wZ‡K| m¤cÖwZ Av‡gwiKvq we¶zã gvbyl‡`i Øviv Iqvj wóªU `L‡j ‡bqvi †NvlbvB Zvi cÖgvb| Zviv †nvqvBU nvDm `L‡ji †Nvlbv †`qwb-KviY Zviv ey‡S‡Q †h, ivóª PvjK ev miKvi e`wj‡q †Kvb jvf †bB| e`jv‡Z n‡e we`¨gvb c×wZ‡K| GKB ai‡bi we‡¶vf Av‡iv Ab¨vb¨ †`‡kI n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †Kv_vI mivmwi miKvi‡K j¶¨ K‡i nqwb| Avm‡j me©ÎB cwieZ©‡bi `vex DV‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q cÖPwjZ c×wZi wei“‡×| c×wZi cwieZ©b PvB‡jI cÖPwjZ MbZ‡š¿i cwieZ©‡bi `vex GL‡bv D‡Vwb| cÖPwjZ MbZ‡š¿i `ye©jZvi Kvi‡Y †h GB AebwZkxj cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv-Zv GL‡bv gvby‡li Kv‡Q ¯úó bh| Z‡e AwP‡iB gvbyl Zv Dcjwã Ki‡e| gvbyl Lye mnmv eyS‡Z cvi‡e †h-RbM‡bi MYZš¿ RbMb‡K wbqš¿b Ki‡Q e‡U, wKš‘ MYZvwš¿K e¨ve¯’vi Dci RbM‡bi †Kvb wbqš¿b bvB| GRb¨ ÔMYZš¿Õ RbM‡bi Avkv-AvKvsLv cyi‡Y ev‡i ev‡i e¨v_© n‡”Q| ivóª †h e¨ve¯’v c×wZ‡Z P‡j, gyjZ e¨v_©Zv †mB e¨ve¯’v-c×wZi A_©vr MYZ‡š¿i| KviY ÔMYZš¿Õ GLv‡b ivóª I RbM‡bi ga¨Kvi m¤úK©‡K mswkó Pzw³i mxgvbvi g‡a¨ PvwjZ Kivi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q‡Q| GLv‡b MYZ‡š¿i KvR n‡”Q RbM‡bi cÖZ¨vkvbyhvqx RbM‡bi Aby‡gv`‡bi wfwË‡Z RbM‡bi cÖwZ iv‡óªi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ Ges iv‡óªi cÖwZ RbM‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ mgyn cvj‡bi mye¨ve¯’v wbwðZ Kiv| cÖPwjZ MYZš¿ cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z GKvRwU h_vh_fv‡e Ki‡Z bv cvivi d‡j ivóª I RbM‡bi g‡a¨ m¤úK© Lvivc n‡”Q| RbMb Am‡š—vl cÖKvk Ki‡Q miKv‡ii wei“‡×,cÖKviš—‡i iv‡óªi wei“‡×| ZvB GLb Ri“ix n‡q c‡i‡Q cÖPwjZ MYZš¿‡K mg‡qvc‡hvMx Kivi| Avwg wek¦vm Kwi MYZš¿‡K weivRgvb mgm¨v`x †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjvi gva¨‡gB eZ©gvbKvi `ytmn Ae¯’v †_‡K gvbyl‡K gy³ Kiv m¤¢e n‡e Ges gvby‡li ¯^v”Q›`cyY© Rxeb, iv‡óªi DbœwZ Ges mgv‡R ev iv‡óª wKsev c„w_exi †h †Kvb cÖv‡š— kvwš— eRvq ivLv m¤¢e n‡e | ZvB GB j¶¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L MYZ‡š¿i gyj wfwË mgy‡ni Dci ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q MYZ‡š¿i bZzb ‡`nveqe-hvi bvg ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxÕ A_©vr AvaywbK hy‡Mi Dc‡hvMx ÔAvaywbK MYZš¿Õ| Avwg me©vš—Ki‡b wek¦vm Kwi, GB MbZvwš¿K e¨ve¯’v h_vh_ fv‡e ev¯—evwqZ n‡j gvby‡li eûjvKvswLZ cwieZ©b AR©‡bi c_ evavgy³ n‡e Ges e¨vw³,mgvR I iv‡óªi j¶¨ AR©b Z¡ivwš^Z n‡e| ZvB Avwg Avkv Kwi- ÔBDwbfvmv©j †W‡gvµ¨vmxÕ ev¯—ei“c †c‡j gvbyl gyw³ cv‡e GB µgvebwZkxj `ytmn Ae¯’v †_‡K| ¯^w¯— I ¯^v”Q›` wd‡i Avm‡e cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Rxe‡b, DbœwZi avivq PvwjZ n‡e ivóª Ges kvwš— cÖwZwôZ n‡e ‡`‡k †`‡k-mvivwe‡k¦| cÖK…wZi †Kv‡j †P‡c gvbyl kvwš— I wek¦åvZ…‡Z¡i RqMvb MvB‡Z MvB‡Z GwM‡q hv‡e `yi-my`y‡ii fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K| Kv‡ji ci Kvj,Abš—Kv‡ji mxgvbv Qvwo‡q |

BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi msÁv (Definition of Universal Democracy): RbM‡bi iv‡óª RbM‡bi AwaKvi I RbM‡bi wbqš¿Y cÖwZwôZ Kivi gva¨‡g ivóª‡K RbM‡bi KvswLZ j‡¶¨i w`‡K PvwjZ Kivi Rb¨ RbMb KZ©„K M„nxZ bxwZ-c×wZ-weavb Ges RbM‡bi cÖwZwbwa cwil`/cvj©v‡g›U KZ…©K cÖYxZ AvBb-wewa I RbM‡bi miKvi KZ©„K M„nxZ e¨ve¯’v`x Ges iv‡óªi cÖwZ bvMwiK‡`i `vwqZ¡ mgMÖB n‡”Q ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxÕ |

BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi msÁvi e¨vL¨v (Explanation of definition of the Universal Democracy): BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi msÁvq e¨veüZ ev‡K¨i A_© ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ Ges A‡_©i mxgvbv wbw`ª©ó Kivi j‡¶¨ msÁvq D‡jwLZ evK¨vsk ¸wji wek` e¨vL¨v wb‡P cÖ`vb Kiv nj| hv‡Z BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi me bxwZ I Kvh©¨vejx Bnvi e¨vLvi we¯—v‡ii g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡K|

RbM‡bi iv‡óª RbM‡bi AwaKvi : RbM‡bi iv‡óª RbM‡bi AwaKvi †evSv‡Z iv‡óªi me© wel‡q RbMb KZ©„K Pzovš— wm×vš— MÖn‡bi ¶gZv‡K ‡evSv‡e Ges RbM‡bi cÖwZ iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ mgyn n‡Z iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡`i †h †fvMvwaKvi m„wó nq-Zv‡K †evSv‡e|

RbM‡bi wbqš¿Y cÖwZwôZ Kivi gva¨‡g : RbM‡bi wbqš¿b cÖwZwôZ Kivi gva¨‡g ej‡Z †evSv‡e iv‡óªi Dci RbM‡bi AwaKvi I ¶gZv cÖ‡qv‡Mi e¨ve¯’v c×wZ -hvi gva¨‡g RbMb iv‡óªi Dci cyY© wbqš¿Y Kv‡qg Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e|

ivóª ‡K RbM‡bi KvswLZ j‡¶i w`‡K PvwjZ Kivi Rb¨ : ivóª‡K RbM‡bi j‡¶¨i w`‡K PvwjZ Kivi Rb¨ ej‡Z †evSv‡e RbM‡bi Awfbœ AvKvsLv †_‡K m„„ó j‡¶¨ ‡cuŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ RbMb KZ„©K M„nxZ c_-c×wZ‡K †evSv‡e|

RbMb KZ…©K M„nxZ bxwZ-c×wZ-weavb : RbM‡bi bxwZ-c×wZ-weavb ej‡Z †evSv‡e iv‡óªi RbMb KZ©„K mivmwi Aby‡gvw`Z/M„nxZ ivóª KZ©„K Abym„Ze¨ bxwZ, ivóª cwiPvjbvi c×wZ Ges ivóª cwiPvjbvi †gŠwjK weavbmgMÖ ev msweavb|

RbM‡bi cÖwZwbwa cwim`/cvj©v‡g›U KZ©„K cÖYxZ AvBb-wewa I miKvi KZ©„K M„nxZ e¨ve¯’v`x : RbM‡bi cÖwZwbwa cwil`/cvj©v‡g›U KZ©„K cÖYxZ AvBb-wewa I miKvi KZ…©K M„nxZ e¨ve¯’v`x ej‡Z †evSv‡e, RbM‡bi mivmwi †fv‡U wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa cwil`/cvj©v‡g›U KZ©„K cvmK…Z AvBb-wewa mygn Ges D³ AvBb-wewai wfwË‡Z miKvi KZ©„K M„nxZ e¨veš’v`x, †hgb wewfbœ Kg© cwiKíbv,K‡g©v`¨vM,Kg©c×wZ,Kg©e¨ve¯’v I wewfbœ bxwZ-wb‡`©kbv BZ¨vw` Kvh©Ki Kivi j‡¶¨ cwiPvwjZ Kvh©¨e¨ve¯’v`x‡K †evSv‡e|

iv‡óªi cÖwZ bvMwiK‡`i `vwqZ¡ mgMÖ : iv‡óªi cÖwZ bvMwiK‡`i `vwqZ¡ mgMÖ ej‡Z †evSv‡e, iv‡óªi cÖwZ me©ve¯’vq AvbyMZ¨ eRvq ivLv Ges iv‡óªi AvBb-Kvbyb, wewa-weavb I mvgvwRK wbqg-k„sLjv h_vh_fv‡e †g‡b Pjv Ges Rb¯^v‡_© M„nxZ miKvi KZ…©K wewfbœ e¨ve¯’v`x mym¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ h_vh_ mn‡hvMxZv Kiv|

BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi me bxwZ-Kg© me©ve¯’vq me©‡¶‡Î Dc‡iv³ msÁv I msÁvi e¨vL¨vi g‡a¨ mxgve× _vK‡e| GB mxgvbvi g‡a¨ hv c‡obv ev Dc‡iv³ msÁv I msÁvi e¨vL¨vi mv‡_ hv mvgÄm¨cyY© bq-Zvnv †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi bxwZ-Av`k© bq Ges BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmx KZ©„K Zv mg_©b †hvM¨ bq|

BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi msÁv m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbv (Discussion regarding definition of the Universal Democracy : mycÖvPxbKvj †_‡K ÔMYZš¿Õ gvby‡li Kv‡Q AwZ wcÖq ivóª cwiPvjbv e¨ve¯’v wn‡m‡e M„nxZ| gvby‡li AwaKvi i¶vq Gi †P‡q fvj ivóª cwiPvjbv e¨ve¯’v gvbyl Avi †c‡h‡Q wKbv Avgvi Rvbv bvB| gvÎ K‡qKwU ivóª Qvov c„w_exi me©Î MYZš¿ cÖwZwôZ| cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i nvZ a‡i gvbe mf¨Zv DbœwZi Pig wkL‡i D‡V‡Q| gvbe mf¨Zvi GB DbœwZi †¶‡Î MYZ‡š¿i Acwimxg Ae`vb Abw¯^Kvh©¨| Kv‡ji weeZ©‡b Ges cÖK…wZi wPivPwiZ wbq‡gi cÖfv‡e †mB MYZš¿ GLb Kg©¶gZv nviv‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q| cÖ‡qvRb ‡`Lv w`‡q‡Q Gi ms¯‹vi A_ev bZzb ivóª cwiPvjbv c×wZi| MYZ‡š¿i A‡bK eqm n‡jI Gi mywbw`ª©ó I mve©Rwbb †Kvb msÁv GL‡bv ch©š— ˆZix nqwb| GK GK ivóªweÁvbx MYZš¿‡K GK GK fv‡e msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb| ZvB GK GK †`k GK GK fv‡e MYZ‡š¿i PP©v K‡i‡Q| GRb¨ MYZš¿‡K Avgiv wfbœ wfbœ i“‡c †`LwQ| m½Z Kvi‡YB cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i msÁvI wfbœ wfbœ n‡q‡Q|

MYZš¿ mxgvnxb †Kvb welq bq| MYZ‡š¿i GKUv wbw`ª©ó mxgv-AvKvi i‡q‡Q| MbZš¿ n‡”Q ivóª I bvMwiK‡`i g‡a¨ mymm¤úK© wba©vi‡bi wbw³ we‡kl Ges mym¤úK© eRvq ivLvi m‡e©vËg gva¨g| ÔMbZš¿Õ bvMwiK‡`i AwaKvi I iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ Ges iv‡óªi AwaKvi-GLwZqvi I bvMwiK‡`i `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ wbav©ib KiZt ivóª‡K bvMwiK‡`i KvswLZ j‡¶¨i w`‡K PvwjZ Kivi e¨ve¯’v- hvnv bvMwiKMb KZ©„K M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| cÖPwjZ MYZ‡š¿i msÁvq welq¸wji D‡jL bv _vKvq MYZš¿ Ggb GK A™¢yZ wel‡q cwibZ n‡q‡Q -hvi †Kvb wbw`ª©ó mxgvbv bvB,hvi †Kvb wbw`ª©ó AvKvi bvB, hv †Kvb wbw`©ªó PwiÎ bvB| hvi †hgb Lykx ‡Zgb fv‡e msÁvwqZ Ki‡Q G‡K, KL‡bv hvi hvi ¯^v‡_©i AbyKz‡j e¨vL¨v †`qv n‡q _v‡K MYZ‡š¿i| d‡j wewfbœ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wewfbœ i“c wb‡q Avwfey©Z n‡q _v‡K cÖPwjZ ÔMbZš¿Õ| GB Awbw`ªó Pwi‡Îi MYZš¿ Øviv eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †Kvb fv‡eB mvaviY gvby‡li ¯^v_© myi¶v Kiv m¤¢e bq| GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb MYZ‡š¿i mywbw`ª©ó i“c-PwiÎ Ges mywbw`ª©ó AvKvi-AvK…wZ| ÔMYZš¿Õ †K mywbw`ªó i“c-PwiÎ I AvKvi-AvK…wZ `v‡bi gva¨‡g c„w_exe¨vcx weivRgvb cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Dc‡hvMx K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi j‡¶¨B MYZ‡š¿i cÖvY KvUv‡gvi Dci BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi ‡`nveqe m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvnv eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z gvby‡li AvKvsLv cyi‡Y Kvh©Ki fywgKv ivL‡Z m¶g n‡e e‡j Avwg `„p fv‡e wek¦vm Kwi|

KviY BDwbfvmv©j †W‡gvµ¨vmx‡K mywbw`ªó i“c-PwiÎ I AvKvi-AvK…wZ w`‡q Mov n‡q‡Q| Gi wbw`ª©ó msÁv i‡q‡Q Ges msÁviI mywbw`ª©ó e¨vL¨v i‡q‡Q| hvid‡j mviv we‡k¦i gvby‡li Kv‡Q Bnv GK PwiÎ, GK i“c, GK AvK…wZ wb‡q RbMb I iv‡óªi cÖ‡qvRb cyiY Ki‡Z Ges ivóª I RbM‡bi g‡a¨ mym¤úK© i¶v Kivi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z cyY© m¶g I mdj n‡e e‡j Avwg Avkv Kwi|

BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi bxwZ-‰ewkó(Principles of Universal Democracy):

1. ‡fvUvwaKvi cÖ`vb : AvVvi ermi eq‡mi my¯’ gvbwmKZvi bvMwiKMb‡K cÖvß eq¯‹ bvMwiK wn‡m‡e Mb¨ Kiv Ges †fvUvwaKvi cÖ`vb

mn mKj wel‡q ¯^vaxbfv‡e wm×vš— MÖn‡bi †hvM¨ e‡j Mb¨ Kiv|

2. ivwóªq wm×vš— MÖnb cÖwµqv : iv‡óªi msL¨v Mwió bvMwiK‡`i †fv‡U / cÖwZwbwa cwil‡`i msL¨v Mwió msL¨K m`m¨‡`i †fv‡U ev mg_©‡b

mKj ivwóªq wel‡q wm×vš— MÖnb Kiv|

3. iv‡óªi AbymiYxq weavb : iv‡óªi msweavb|

4. iv‡óªi msweav‡bi Drm : Mb‡fvU/cÖwZwbwa mfvi `yB Z…Zxqvsk m`‡m¨i †fv‡U cvm nIqv weavb ev weav‡bi ms‡kvabx|

5. iv‡óªi aib : MY-cÖRvZvwš¿K/mvsweavwbK ivRZš¿/mvsweavwbK myjZvbvZ|

6. ivóª cÖavb : ivóªcwZ/ivRv/ivYx/myjZvb|

7. ivóª cÖavb wbe©vPb : cÖwZwbwa mfvi wba©vwiZ wbe©vPb cÖwµqv A_ev cÖwZwbwa cwil` KZ…©K Aby‡gv`b cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g|

8. cÖwZwbwa cwil` MVb c×wZ :

Ackb -1. iv‡óªi cÖwZwbwa cwil` n‡e wØ K¶ wewkó| cÖavb K‡¶i bvg n‡e ÔmycÖxg KvDwÝj Ae wccj&m wi‡cÖ‡m‡›UwUf( Supreme Council of Peoples Representatives) Ges wbb¥ K‡¶i bvg n‡e b¨vkbvj †jwRm‡jwUf KvDwÝj (National Legislative Council) A_ev †dWv‡ij †jwRm‡jwUf KvDwÝj(Federal Legislative Council)|

mycÖxg KvDwÝj Gi MVb I Kvh©¨ ¶gZv : mycÖxg KvDwÝj Gi m`m¨Mb wbe©vwPZ n‡eb RbM‡bi mivmwi †fv‡U| †gqv` n‡e m‡e©v”P cuvP ermi| m`m¨ msL¨v n‡e Mb‡fv‡Ui gva¨‡g A_ev Dfq K‡¶i Aby‡gv`b µ‡g wba©vwiZ| GB KvDwÝj n‡e iv‡óªi m‡e©v”P ¶gZvi AwaKvix Ges Gi GLwZqvi n‡e iv‡óªi me †¶Î I me wel‡qi Dci ¶gZv cÖ‡qv‡Mi m‡e©v”P GLwZqvi m¤úbœ| GB cwil` n‡e RbMb I iv‡óªi mwb¥wjZ ¯^Ëv, RbMb I iv‡óªi mwµq Aw¯’Z¡ Ges RbMb I iv‡óªi ¯^vaxbZv-mve©‡fŠ‡Z¡i aviK I evnK| GB cwil` n‡e RbMb I ivóª ¯^v‡_©i AZ›`ª i¶x| iv‡óªi c‡qvR‡b msweav‡bi bZyb weavb cvm Kiv, msweav‡bi weavb ms‡kvab Kiv wKsev msweav‡bi weavb Ae‡jvcb Kiv n‡”Q mycÖxg KvDwÝ‡ji KvR| iv‡óªi AvBb wefvM,wePvi wefvM I wbe©vnx wefv‡Mi mKj Kv‡Ri Dci bRi ivLv Ges mKj wefvM‡K msweav‡bi bxwZ-weavb Abyhvqx PvwjZ Kivi j‡¶¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnb Kiv A_©vr MÖnb‡hvM¨ KvR‡K Aby‡gv`b w`‡q miKvi‡K GwM‡q †h‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv Ges AMÖnb‡hvM¨ KvR‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kivi gva¨‡g †m KvR Kiv †_‡K weiZ ivLv| msweav‡bi weavb cÖbqb,ms‡kvab wKsev Ae‡jvc‡bi †¶‡Î KvDwÝ‡ji `yB Z…Zxqvsk m`‡m¨i mg_©‡b weavb cvm n‡e Ges ‡h †Kvb welq mvaviY msL¨v Mwió m`‡m¨i mg_©‡b Aby‡gvw`Z n‡e| mycÖxg KvDwÝ‡ji Aby‡gv`b Qvov iv‡óª †Kvb KvRB m¤úvw`Z n‡Z cvi‡e bv| mycÖxg KvDwÝ‡ji `yB Z…Zxqvsk m`‡m¨i mg_©b _vK‡j †jwRm‡jwUf KvDwÝ‡ji ‡h †Kvb wm×vš— mycÖxg KvDwÝj evwZj Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e|

‡jwRm‡jwUf KvDwÝj MVb c×wZ I Kvh©vejx : †jwRm‡jwUf KvDwÝ‡ji Qq fv‡Mi cuvP fvM m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡e RbM‡bi mivmwi †fv‡U Ges Qq fv‡Mi GK Ask m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡e RbMb KZ©„K mivmwi wbe©vwPZ m`m¨‡`i Øviv| KvDwÝj m`m¨Mb KZ©„K wbe©vwPZ GK lóvsk m`‡m¨i GK wØZxqvsk n‡e cyi“l Ges evKx GK wØZxqvsk n‡e bvix m`m¨| iv‡óªi Kv‡R we‡kl we‡kl †gavex-we‡klÁ bvMwiK‡`i‡K mg mgq hy³ ivLvi Rb¨ Ges bvix cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ GB e¨ve¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q| ‡jwRm‡jwUf KvDwÝj n‡e iv‡óªi AvBb wefv‡Mi cÖvY| GB KvDwÝj †_‡K miKvi MwVZ n‡e Ges GB KvDwÝj miKv‡ii cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖ‡hvRbxq AvBb-wm×vš— w`‡q miKvi‡K iv‡óªi KvR Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ mnvqZv Ki‡e| miKvi GB KvDwÝ‡ji wbKU mivmwi `vq e× _vK‡e| wKš‘ wePvi wefv‡Mi Dci GB KvDwÝ‡ji †Kvb cÖKvi KZ…©Z¡ ev cÖfve _vK‡e bv|

‡dWv‡ij ivóª mgy‡ni m‡e©v”P †jwRm‡jwUf KvDwÝj n‡e †dWv‡ij †jwRm‡jwUf bv‡gi| MVb cÖYvjx, ¶gZv I Kvh©vejx b¨vkbvj †jwRm‡jwUf KvDwÝ‡ji gZB n‡e|

Ackb-2. iv‡óªi m‡e©v”P cwZwbwa cwil` n‡e cvj©v‡g›U| cvj©vg›U n‡e GKB mv‡_ `yB mZ¡vi AwaKvix| cvjv©‡g›U GKB mv‡_ mycÖxg KvDwÝj I †jwRm‡jwUf KvDwÝ‡ji `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e| Gi MVb cÖYvjx n‡e †jwRm‡jwUf KvDwÝ‡ji gZ| A_©vr †gvU m`‡m¨i cuvP lóvsk m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡e RbM‡bi mivmwi †fv‡U Ges evKx GK lóvsk wbe©vwPZ n‡e RbMb KZ©„K mivmwi wbe©vwPZ m`m¨‡`i †fv‡Ui gva¨‡g| Avevi GB GK lóvsk m`‡m¨i A‡a©K n‡e cyi“l Ges evKx A‡a©K n‡e bvix|

Ackb-2 A‡c¶v Ackb-1 DËg wKš‘ AwaK e¨vqeûj| GRb¨ `ye©j A_©bxwZi †`k ¸wji Rb¨ cÖv_wgK ch©v‡h Ackb-2 MÖnb KivB mwgwPb|

9. cÖwZwbwa cwim‡`i †gqv` : 5 (cuvP) eQi (m‡e©v”P)|

10. miKvi cwiPvjK : eû`jxq gš¿x cwil`

11. gš¿xcwil` MVb c×wZ : cÖwZwbwa mfvi msL¨v Mwió m`‡m¨i mg_©b cÖvß m`m¨‡`i Øviv MwVZ n‡e eû `jxq gš¿x cwil`| eû `jxq

miKvi MVb e¨ve¯’v n‡e wbb¥i“c|

GB e¨ve¯’vq cÖwZwbwa mfvi wbe©vP‡b ‡h `j †h msL¨K Avmb jvf Ki‡e, †m `‡ji AwR©Z †gvU msL¨v‡K 10 Øviv fvM K‡i †h msL¨v cvIqv hv‡e, †m msL¨v cwigvb cyY© gš¿xi c` cv‡e H `j| `k Øviv wefvwRZ nivi ci Aewkó _vKv msL¨v hw` mvZ ev mv‡Zi †ekx n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j H `j AviI 1 wU cÖwZgš¿xi c` cv‡e Ges hw` Aewkó _vKv msL¨v mv‡Zi Kg wKš‘ Pvi ev Pv‡ii †ekx nq, Zvn‡j H `j AviI GKwU Dcgš¿xi c` cv‡e| Gfv‡e cÖwZwbwa mfvq †h ivR‰bwZK `‡ji †h msL¨K cÖwZwbwa _vK‡e,†m msL¨vi wfwË‡Z gš¿x cwil‡` cÖ‡Z¨K `j cÖwZwbwa †cÖi‡Yi my‡hvM cv‡e| Gfv‡e mKj `j †_‡K Avmv cÖwZwbwa wb‡q miKvi MwVZ n‡e|

12. gš¿x cwil‡`i c` e›Ub e¨ve¯’v : gš¿xcwil‡`i cÖavb n‡eb cÖavbgš¿x Ges Ab¨vb¨ c`¸wj n‡e h_vµ‡g gš¿x, cÖwZgš¿x I Dcgš¿x| gš¿x cwil‡`i cÖavb `‡ji whwb cÖwZwbwa cwil‡`i me©vwaK Av¯’v fvRb n‡eb wZwbB n‡eb cÖavb gš¿x| cÖavbgš¿x gš¿x cwil‡`i Aby‡gv`‡bi gva¨‡g gš¿x, cÖwZgš¿x I Dcgš¿xi c` e›Ub Ki‡eb| gš¿x cwil‡`i cÖavb `j iv‡óªi AwaK ¸i“Z¡cyY© gš¿Yvj‡qi `vwqZ¡ †hgb ¯^ivóª gš¿Yvjq, we‡`k gš¿Yvjq, cÖwZi¶v gš¿Yvjq, A_© gš¿Yvjq BZ¨vw` ¸i“Z¡cyY© gš¿Yvj‡qi `vwqZ¡ cÖavb `‡ji Rb¨ msi¶Y Kivi AwaKvix n‡e|

13. miKv‡ii aib : eû`jxq gš¿xcwil` kvwmZ miKvi|

14. Rb cÖwZwbwa I miKvi AcmviY c×wZ : ivóªcwZ, cÖavbgš¿x, gš¿xcwil‡`i m`m¨Mb Ges cÖwZwbwa cwil‡`i m`m¨Mb AcmvwiZ n‡eb wZb c×wZ‡Z | h_v 1) cÖwZwbwa cwil‡`i Av¯’v †fv‡U †n‡i †M‡j cÖavbgš¿x,gš¿x,cÖwZgš¿x I Dcgš¿xi c` †_‡K mswkó Rb cÖwZwbwa AcmvwiZ n‡eb| Z‡e cÖwZwbwa cwil‡`i m`m¨c` envj _vK‡e| 2) †Kvb Rb cÖwZwbwa Zvi wbKUZg cÖwZwbwa †_‡K †h cwigvb †fvU †ekx †c‡q wbe©vwPZ n‡eb, Zvi wbe©vPbx GjvKvi AwaK msL¨K †fvUvi hw` cÖ`Ë †fvU cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i A_ev mswkó wbe©vPbx GjvKvi †gvU †fvUvi msL¨vi msL¨v Mwió msL¨K †fvUvi hw` Abv¯’v †fvU cÖ`vb K‡i, Zvn‡j D³ Rb cÖwZwbwai c` ïb¨ n‡q| cÖwZwbwa cwil‡`i c` mn mKj c` †_‡K wZwb AcmvwiZ n‡eb| 3) iv‡óªi Av`vjZ KZ©„K ‡Kvb Aciva RbK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ‡Kvb Rb cÖwZwbwa †`vlx mve¨¯’ n‡q kvw¯’ cÖvß n‡j Zvi cÖwZwbwa cwil‡`i m`m¨c` ïb¨ n‡e Ges Ab¨vb¨ mKj miKvix c` †_‡K wZwb AcmvwiZ n‡eb|

17. AvBb wefv‡Mi cÖavb : w¯úKvi|

18. wePvi wefv‡Mi cÖavb : cÖavb wePvicwZ|

19. iv‡óªi A_© bxwZ : MYZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ| A_©vr iv‡óªi cÖwZwbwa cwil` ‡h A_© ˆbwZK e¨ve¯’v-c×wZ iv‡óªi Rb¨ Dchy³ wnmv‡e MÖnb Ki‡e-ZvnvB n‡e iv‡óªi A_©bxwZ| Z‡e †Kvb Ae¯’vq bvMwiK‡`i †gŠwjK AwaKvi cwicwš’ †Kvb e¨ve¯’v-c×wZ MÖnb Kiv hv‡e bv| BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmx gvby‡li †mB †gŠwjK AwaKvi mgyn myi¶v Ki‡Z Aw½Kvie×| KviY BDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxi gyj j¶¨ n‡”Q gvbyl‡K A_©‰bwZK †kvl‡bi nvZ †_‡K evuvPv‡bvi Rb¨ b¨vqmsMZ A_©‰bwZK e¨ve¯’v cÖwZôv K‡i gvbyl‡K me©ve¯’vq A_©‰bwZK †kvlY †_‡K myi¶v †`qv|

20. cÖkvmwbK e¨ve¯’v : iv‡óªi cÖ‡Z¨K ¯’‡ii cÖkvmb e¨ve¯’v n‡e RbcÖwZwbwaZ¡ gyjK Ges ¯^-kvwmZ ¯’vbxq miKvi c×wZi| †K›`ªxq miKvi iv‡óªi mve©Rwbb welq¸wj †`Lvïbv †`Lvi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii nv‡Z ivL‡e| evKx mKj welq ¸wj e¨ve¯’vcbvi `vwqZ¡ ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii nv‡Z _vK‡e|

21. bvMwiK‡`i AwaKvi i¶vq iv‡óªi `vqe×Zv : ivóª RvwZ-ag©-eY©-wj½ wbwe©‡k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ wb‡b¥ D‡jwLZ `kwU †gŠwjK bvMwiK AwaKvi †fv‡Mi e¨ve¯’v wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ `vqe×- hvnv iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡|

(1) : ¯^vaxbZv †fv‡Mi AwaKvi|

e¨vL¨v : ¯^vaxbZv gvby‡li cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë AwaKvi| hvnv gvby‡li Rxeb weKv‡ki Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨K| MYZš¿ gvby‡li me©vwaK ¯^vaxbZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z Aw½Kvie×| ZvB MYZvwš¿K iv‡óªi cÖavbZg `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q bvMwiK‡`i me©vwaK ¯^vaxbZv wbwðZ Kiv Ges iv‡óª me©vwaK ¯^vaxbZv ‡fvM Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki †gŠwjK AwaKvi| Z‡e ¯^vaxbZv †fv‡Mi AwaKvi ej‡Z †evSv‡e- gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv, PjvPj Kivi ¯^vaxbZv Ges Kv‡Ri ¯^vaxbZv| hvi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi Avjv`v Avjv`v e¨vL¨v wb‡P †`qv nj|

gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv :-gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vwabZv n‡”Q gvby‡li ‡mB AwaKvi-hv †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Le© Kiv hv‡e bv| mvaviY bvMwiKiv GB AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡e m¤úyY© Aeva cwi‡e‡k| RNb¨ †Kvb Aciva Kivi Awf‡hv‡M Awfhy³ bvMwiK‡KI GB AwaKvi †fvM Kiv †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv hv‡e bv| ivóª me©ve¯’vq me bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ GB ¯^vaxbZv †fv‡Mi Aeva e¨ve¯’v wbwðZ Ki‡Z eva¨ _vK‡e|

PjvPj Kivi ¯^vaxbZv : PjvPj Kivi ¯^vaxbZv n‡”Q gvby‡li †mB AwaKvi-iv‡óªi Af¨š—‡i ev evwn‡i ‡hLv‡b mvavi‡Yi MgbvMgb Db¥y³, †mme RvqMvq PjvPj Kivi ¯^vaxbZv| GB ¯^vaxbZv Aeva I Amxg bq| Gi wbw`ª©ó mxgvbv i‡q‡Q| ivwóªq AvBb-Kvbyb-k„sLjv, cÖvwZôvwbK wbqg-k„sLjv I mvgvwRK †jvKvPvi-ms¯‹…wZ I k„sLjv Øviv Gi mxgvbv wba©vwiZ n‡q _v‡K| ZviciI gvby‡li PjvP‡ji AwaKvi hv‡Z hÎ-ZÎ evavcÖvß bv nq, †mRb¨ ivóª gvby‡li †mB cÖvš—mxgv ch©š— gvby‡li Pjvi AwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z eva¨-‡h mxgv‡iLv AwZµg Kiv n‡j iv‡óªi ‡MvcbxqZv-wbivcËv-k„sLjv A_ev cÖvwZôvwbK ‡MvcbxqZv-wbivcËv-k„sLjv A_ev cvwievwiK ev e¨vw³MZ ‡MvcbxqZv-wbivcËv-k„sLjv i¶v Kivi AwaKvi‡K Le© nq|

Kv‡Ri ¯^vaxbZv : Kv‡Ri ¯^vaxbZv n‡”Q gvby‡li †mB AwaKvi-hv gvby‡li wbR wbR cQ›` gZ KvR Kivi ¯^vaxbZv wbwðZ K‡i| GB AwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z ‡Kvb bvMwiK †Kvb KvR Ki‡Z bv PvB‡j †m †h †Kvb mgq †mB KvR Z¨vM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ivóª ev Zvi wb‡qvM`vZv KZ©„c¶ ‡Kvb bvMwiK‡K Zvi B”Qvi we‡iv‡× KvR Ke‡Z eva¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv | ivóª ev wb‡qvMKvix KZ…©c¶ Gi“c †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ AvBb-wewa-Dcwewa Abyhvqx Zv‡K AbwZ wej‡¤^ KvR †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ ev wijxR w`‡Z eva¨|

e¨vL¨v : gvby‡li Rxe‡bi mv‡_ Rxe‡bi wbivcËvi welqwU Awe‡”Q`¨fv‡e hy³| KviY gvby‡li Rxeb hvcb I Rxe‡bi myóz weKv‡ki Rb¨ wbivcËv AZ¨vek¨K| ÔMYZš¿Õ gvby‡li hyóz Rxeb hvcb I myóz Rxeb weKv‡ki cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq wbivcËv w`‡Z Aw½Kvie×| †m‡nZz cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ wbivc` cwi‡ek eRvq ivLv iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡ Ges iv‡óªi Kv‡Q cÖ‡qvRbxq wbivcËv cvIqv cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Aj½b‡hvM¨ AwaKvi|

we‡klY : †hLv‡b gvby‡li wbivcËv bvB, †mLv‡b gvby‡li Rxeb hvcb Kiv KwVb| wbivcËv myóz Rxeb hvc‡bi Rb¨ Ges myóz Rxeb weKv‡ki Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨K| myóz Rxeb Dc‡fvM Kiv gvby‡li cÖK…wZ cª`Ë AwaKvi| gvby‡li wbivc` Rxeb wbwðZ Kiv iv‡óªi Aw¯’Z¡ wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨I cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ‡qvRbxq wbivcËv gyjK e¨ve¯’v bv _vK‡j gvby‡li c‡¶ iv‡óª emevm m¤¢e bq| ZvB gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK Rxeb hvcb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wbivcËvi e¨ve¯’v Kiv iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡|

(3) Lv`¨ cÖvwßi AwaKvi|

e¨vL¨v : evuP‡Z n‡j gvbyl‡K †L‡Z nq | †e‡uP _vKvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ cvIqv gvby‡li cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë AwaKvi| ÔMYZš¿Õ cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li Rxeb evuPv‡bvi AwaKvi i¶vq Aw½Kvie×| †m‡nZz cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvb Lv`¨ cÖvwß wbwðZ Kiv MYZvwš¿K iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡ Ges Rxeb evuPv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvb Lv`¨ cÖvwß cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki ALe©‡hvM¨ AwaKvi|

we‡klY : gvby‡li Rxeb cÖK…wZi `vb| Avi cÖK…wZi D`vi `vb n‡”Q bvbviLg cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨-hv gvby‡li Rxeb evuPv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖwZwbqZ m„wó n‡”Q c„w_exi me©Î| GB me cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ mvgwMÖi Dci cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li mgvb AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| hv †_‡K KvD‡K ewÂZ Kivi †Kvb AwaKvi bvB Kv‡iv| Z‡e Lv`¨ msMÖ‡ni `vwqZ¡ cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li wb‡Ri| wKš‘ AvaywbK iv‡óªi cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwiK Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ mivmwi m¤ú„³ bq | GRb¨ Lv`¨ msMÖ‡ni `vwqZ¡ wb‡R‡`i n‡jI Lv‡`¨i cÖvc¨Zv wbwðZ Kivi `vwqZ¡ iv‡óªi| iv‡óªi AwaKvsk bvMwiK A‡_©i wewbg‡q Lv`¨ msMÖn K‡i _v‡K| wKš‘ AwZ mvgvb¨ msL¨K bvMwiK i‡q‡Q, hviv kvwiixK-gvbwmK w`K †_‡K A¶g nIqvi Kvi‡Y Avq-DcvR©b K‡i Lv`¨ µq Kivi mvg_©¨ iv‡L bv| Avevi Ggb wKQz msL¨K bvMwiK i‡q‡Q ,Zviv hv Dcvh©b K‡i-Zv‡Z Zvi wewbg‡q Zv‡`I Rxeb avib Dc‡hvMx Lv`¨ msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e bq| Gme A¶g ev ¯^í m¶g gvbyl‡`i Rb¨ Rxeb aviY Dc‡hvMx Lv`¨ mieivn wbwðZ Kiv iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡ Ges iv‡óªi Kv‡Q Rxeb aviY Kivi gZ byb¨Zg cwigvb Lv`¨ cvIqv cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li ALe©bxq AwaKvi|

(4) :e¯¿ cÖvwßi AwaKvi|

e¨vL¨v : gvbexq gh©v`vq Rxeb hvcb Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li ‡gŠwjK AwaKvi| MYZš¿ cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li gvbexq gh©v`v i¶v Ki‡Z Aw½Kvie×| †m‡nZz gvby‡li gvbexq gh©v`v i¶vi ¯^v‡_© iv‡óªi cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨K cwigvb e¯¿ cÖvwß wbwðZ Kiv iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡ Ges iv‡óªi Kv‡Q AZ¨vek¨K cwigvb e¯¿ ev Kvco cvIqv cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki ALe©bxq AwaKvi|

we‡klY : m¤£g i¶v Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi| KviY †hLv‡b gvby‡li m¤£g i¶v Kiv Am¤¢e †mLv‡b gvby‡li gvbweq gh©v`v ¶zbœ nq| cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvb e¯¿ ev Kvco msMÖn K‡i wbR wbR m¤£g i¶v Kiv bvMwiK‡`i wbR `vwqZ¡| mvaviYZ iv‡óªi bvMwiKiv A‡_©i wewbg‡q e¯¿ ev Kvco msMÖn K‡i wbR wbR m¤£g i¶v K‡i _v‡K| wKš‘ iv‡óª Ggb wKQz bvMwiK i‡q‡Q, hviv kvwiixK ev gvbwmK w`K †_‡K A¶g nIqvi Kvi‡Y Avq-DcvR©b K‡i e¯¿ ev Kvco µq Kiv Zv‡`i c‡¶ m¤¢e bq| Avevi Ggb wKQz bvMwiK i‡q‡Q-hv‡`i Avq DcvR©b GZB Aí †h,Zv‡`i DcvwR©Z A_© †_‡K Lv`¨ µ‡qi ci cwiavb Kivi e¯¿ ev Kvco µq Kivi gZ A_© Aewkó _v‡K bv| Gme A¶g ev ¯^í m¶g bvMwiK‡`i Rb¨ m¤£g i¶v Kivi Dc‡hvMx e¯¿ mieivn wbwðZ Kiv iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡ Ges ‡mB my‡Î iv‡óªi Kv‡Q m¤£g i¶v Kivi gZ e¯¿ cvIqv cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki ALe©bxq AwaKvi|

(5) :evm¯’vb jv‡fi AwaKvi |

e¨vL¨v : ivóª cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki| ‡m‡nZz iv‡óªi fy L‡Ûi Dci cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi mgvb | †mB AwaKvi my‡Î iv‡óªi mvg_©¨ Abymv‡i cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ Aš—Zc‡¶ emevm Kivi gZ b~b¨Zg cwigvb ¯’vb ev RvqMvi e¨ve¯’v Kiv MYZvwš¿K iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡ Ges iv‡óªi Kv‡Q Rxeb hvc‡bi Rb¨ byb¨Zg cwigvb ¯’vb ev RvqMv cvIqv c‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Aj½bxq AwaKvi|

we‡klY : iv‡óªi mvg_©¨ Abymv‡i cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki emev‡mi Rb¨ byb¨Zg cwigvb RvqMv eivÏ Kiv iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡ | KviY fywgi Dci gvby‡li AwaKvi Rb¥ my‡Î MvuZv| gvbyl †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ cÖK…wZi †h mKj Dcv`vb Acwinvh©¨-‡m¸wji g‡a¨ cÖ_g n‡”Q gvwV| gvwV‡Z Ae¯’vb Kivi ¯’vb bv †c‡j, gvby‡li c‡¶ GKwU gyûZ©I †e‡uP _vKv m¤¢e nZ bv| gvwV gvby‡li cÖ_g I †kl Avkªq| gvwV n‡”Q gvby‡li Rxe‡bi Rb¨ Acwinvh©¨ Dcv`vb| hv‡K ev` w`‡q gvby‡li Rxeb KíbvI Kiv hvq bv| gvwVi mv‡_ gvby‡li m¤úK© cÖvK…wZK| GB m¤úK©‡K †KvbKvi‡YB wew”Qbœ Kivi AwaKvi Kv‡iv bvB| †hgb Av‡jv-evZvm-cvwbi mv‡_ gvby‡li m¤úK© wQbœ Kivi my‡hvM bvB| ‡Zgwb gvby‡li Rxeb weKv‡ki Rb¨ Av‡jv-evZvm-cvwbi gZ gvwVi cÖ‡qvRb AZ¨vek¨K| †m‡nZz iv‡óªi fy L‡Ûi mv‡_ cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki wb¸p m¤úK© i¶v Kivi j‡¶ iv‡óªi fyL‡Ûi Dci cÖ‡Z¨i bvMwi‡Ki byb¨Zg Aswk`vwiZ¡ wbwðZ Kiv iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡|

(6) : wk¶v jv‡fi AwaKvi|

e¨vL¨v : wk¶v jvf Kiv gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi| KviY cÖ‡qvRbxq wk¶v jv‡fi gva¨‡g gvbyl bvMwiK `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Dc‡hvMx n‡q D‡V| gvbyl‡K †hvM¨ bvMwiKi“‡c M‡o †Zvjv MYZvwš¿K iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡ Ges †hvM¨ bvMwiK n‡q M‡o DVvi Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨K wk¶v jvf Kiv bvMwiK‡`i ALe©bxq AwaKvi|

we‡klY : gvbyl Rb¥ †bq ïb¨ AvZ¥v wb‡q| ïb¨ AvZ¥vi ¶z`v wbevib nq wk¶v jv‡fi gva¨‡g ev Rvbvi gva¨‡g| gvby‡li AvZ¥vi ¶z`v †_‡K Rvbvi B”Qv m„wó nh| Avi Rvbvi B”Qv cyi‡bi gva¨‡g gvby‡li AvZ¥vi ¶z`v wbevib nq A_©vr AvZ¥v cyY©Zv jvf K‡i| †`‡ni ¶z`v wbeviY bv K‡i †hgb gvby‡li Rxeb evuPv‡bv Am¤¢e, †Zgwb AvZ¥vi ¶y`v wgUv‡bvi e¨ve¯’v bv _vK‡j gvby‡li Rxeb AcyY©Zvi AÜKv‡i Wy‡e _v‡K| AvZ¥vi ¶z`v wgUv‡bv bv n‡j gvby‡li gvbexq ¸bvejxi weKvk nq bv| AÜKv‡i _vKv gvbyl GKw`‡K Rxeb I RM‡Zi my›`i i“c Av¯^v`b-Dc‡fvM Kiv †_‡K ‡hgb ewÂZ nq, Aciw`‡K mgvR I iv‡óªi Kv‡Q †evSv i“‡c Mb¨ nq| ZvB gvbyl‡K Zvi wbR cwi‡ek, cÖwZ‡ek I cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K©, mgvR I ivóª m¤ú‡K©, bvMwiK ØvwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ I AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© Ges Rxeb I RMZ m¤ú‡K© †gŠwjK Ávb `vb Kivi gva¨‡g Dchy³ bvMwiK i“‡c M‡o †Zvjv iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡ | KviY bvMwiK‡`i‡K Dchy³ wk¶v `vb bv K‡i Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K Dchy³ bvMwi‡Ki AvPib-Ae`vb Avkv Kiv hvq bv| Avi mgq Dc‡hvMx wk¶vR©b e¨vwZZ iv‡óªi bvMwiK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv †Kvb bvMwi‡Ki c‡¶B m¤¢e bq| gvbyl‡K Dchy³ wk¶vq wkw¶Z Kiv †M‡jB gvbyl mg‡qi Dc‡hvMx n‡q M‡o DV‡Z m¶g nq Ges ivóª‡K KvswLZ j‡¶¨i w`‡K GwM‡q †bqvi †¶‡Î h_vh_ Ae`vb ivL‡Z mg_©¨ nq| gvbyl‡K bvMwiK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivi Dc‡hvMx K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K‡K mgq Dc‡hvMx wk¶vq wkw¶Z Kiv GKvš— `iKvi| GB `vwqZ¡ m¤úyY© i“‡c iv‡óªi| gvbyl wecyj kw³i aviK| gvby‡li g‡a¨ wbwnZ GB kw³‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi GK gvÎ Dcvq n‡”Q-gvbyl‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq wk¶v `vb Kiv| iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡`i‡K h‡_vchy³ wk¶vq wkw¶Z Kiv bv †M‡j iv‡óªi cÖ‡hvRbxq KvR-Kg© Pvjv‡bvi Dchy³ bvMwi‡Ki Afv‡e iv‡óª APjve¯’v m„wó n‡e| bvMwiK‡`i Dchy³ wk¶v `vb Kivi g‡a¨ bvMwiK‡`i hZUv ¯^v_© i‡q‡Q, Zvi †P‡q AwaK ¯^v_© i‡q‡Q iv‡óªi I mgv‡Ri| MYZvwš¿K iv‡óª wk¶v Ggb GKwU ivwóªq ¯^Z¡, hvi Dci cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki mgvb AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| GB AwaKvi cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwiK hv‡Z h_vh_ev‡e †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨ve¯’v MÖnb Kiv iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡ Ges ‡mB my‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq wk¶v jv‡fi mgvb my‡hvM cvIqv cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki ALe©bxq AwaKvi|

(7) : ¯^v¯’¨ †mev jv‡fi AwaKvi |

e¨vL¨v : Rxeb i¶v Kiv gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi Ges gvby‡li GB AwaKvi i¶v‡_© gvby‡li Rxeb i¶vi AbyKzj cwi‡ek i¶v Kiv Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯^v¯’ †mev `v‡bi e¨ve¯’v Kiv MYZvwš¿K iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡| iv‡óª Rxeb i¶vi AbyKzj cwi‡ek cvIqv Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯^v¯’¨ †mev cvIqv cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Aj½bxq AwaKvi|

we‡klY : gvbyl Rb¥ †bq cÖK„wZi A‡gvN wbq‡g| gvby‡li Rxeb cÖK…wZi Agyj¨ `vb| †m‡nZz c„w_ex‡Z †eu‡P _vKv gvby‡li cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë AwaKvi| gvbyl‡K †eu‡P _vK‡Z n‡j my¯’ _vK‡Z nq| Avi my¯’ _vK‡Z n‡j my¯’ _vKvi Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek eRvq ivLv, ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ ûgKxcyY© cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K gvbyl‡K i¶v Kiv, wewfbœ †ivM-e¨vwai Avµgb †_‡K gvbyl‡K i¶v Kiv Ges cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwiK‡K iv‡óªi mvg_©¨ Abymv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxi wPwKrmv †mev cÖ`vb Kiv iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡| KviY iv‡óªi m„wó n‡q‡Q gvby‡li myweavi Rb¨| gvbyq‡K hw` evuwP‡q ivLv bv hvq Zvn‡j iv‡óªi Aw¯’Z¡B _vK‡e bv| GRb¨ iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡`i‡K my¯’fv‡e evuwP‡q ivLvi Rb¨ me©vZ¥K †Póv Kiv iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡| †h‡nZz my¯’ RvZx MVb Ki‡Z n‡j bvMwiK‡`i my¯^v¯’¨ i¶vi e¨ve¯’v wbwðZ Kiv AZ¨vek¨K| ‡m‡nZz bvMwiK‡`i my¯^v¯’¨ i¶v‡_© cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨ve¯’v MÖnb Kiv iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡ Ges Rxeb i¶v Kivi Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek eRvq ivLv I cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯^v¯’¨ †mev cÖvwß cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Aj½bxq AwaKvi|

(8) : b¨vq wePvi jv‡fi AwaKvi|

e¨vL¨v : MYZš¿ m¤úyY©ZB b¨vq wfwËK ivóª cwiPvjbv e¨ve¯’v weavq RbMb MYZš¿‡K MÖnb K‡i‡Q| †m‡nZz iv‡óªi mKj KvR Ges mKj wePvi Kvh©¨ b¨vq mb¥Zfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi e¨ve¯’v Kiv MbZvwš¿K iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡ Ges iv‡óªi Kv‡Q b¨vq mb¥Z AvPib I b¨vq wePvi cÖvwß cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Aj½bxq AwaKvi|

we‡klY : MYZ‡š¿i gyj wfwË n‡”Q Ôb¨vqÕ| iv‡óªi me iLg KvR b¨vq mb¥Zfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi j‡¶¨ Ges me wePvi Kvh©¨‡K b¨vq wfwËK Kivi Rb¨ RbMb MYZš¿‡K MÖnb K‡i‡Q| ‡m‡nZy MYZvwš¿K iv‡óªi cÖavbZg ØvwqZ¡¸wji g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q iv‡óªi mg¯’ KvR b¨vq mb¥Z fv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi e¨ve¯’v Kiv Ges cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ b¨vq wePvi cÖvwß wbwðZ Kiv| mKj cÖKvi AwePvi ‡_‡K iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡`i i¶v Kiv bv ‡M‡j MYZš¿ A_©nxb n‡q c‡o| GRb¨ iv‡óªi mKj cÖkvmwbK KvR-Kg© , Dbœqb Kg©KvÛ Ges wePvwiK KvR BZ¨vw` Ôb¨vqÕGi wfwË‡Z m¤úv`b Kiv iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡ Ges iv‡óªªi mKj †¶‡Î b¨vq wePvi cvIqv cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Aj½bxq AwaKvi|

(9) : kvwš—‡Z mgvRe× n‡q evm Kivi AwaKvi|

e¨vL¨v : gvbyl kvwš—wcÖq I mvgvwRK cÖvYx| ÔMYZš¿Õ kvwš—i aviK Ges mgvR mnvqK ivóª cwiPvjbv e¨ve¯’v weavq RbMb ÔMYZš¿Õ‡K MÖnb K‡i‡Q| †m‡nZz kvwš—‡Z mgvRe× n‡q Rxeb hvcb Kivi Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek eRvq ivLv MYZvwš¿K iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡ Ges iv‡óª kvwš—‡Z mgvRe× n‡q emevm Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki ALe©bxq AwaKvi|

we‡klY : kvwš— gvby‡li cig AvKvswLZ welq| KviY gvbyl memg‡qB kvwš—‡Z _vK‡Z fvjev‡m| kvwš—cyY© cwi‡e‡k gvby‡li Rxeb mwVKfv‡e weKvk jvf K‡i| Ôkvwš—Õ gvby‡li e¨vw³ Rxeb, mvgvwRK Rxeb Ges ivwóªq Rxeb weKv‡ki Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨K| ÔMYZš¿Õ gvby‡li e¨vw³ Rxe‡b, mgvR Rxe‡b Ges ivwóªq Rxe‡b kvwš— cÖwZôvq Aw½Kvie× ivóª cwiPvjbv e¨ve¯’v weavq RbMb ÔMYZš¿Õ †K MÖnb K‡i‡Q| ZvB Akvwš—i me©bvkv Kej †_‡K gvbyl‡K i¶v Kiv MYZvwš¿K iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡| gvby‡li e¨vw³ Rxeb‡K, mgvR‡K Ges ivóª‡K Akvwš—Ki cwiw¯’wZi nvZ †_‡K i¶v Kiv bv †M‡j bvMwiK‡`i Rxe‡bi myóz weKvk †hgb evav MÖ¯— n‡e, ‡Zgwb mvgvwRK Rxeb Ges ivwóªªq Rxe‡biI myóz weKvk evavMÖ¯— n‡e| ZvB cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Rxe‡b kvwš— wbwðZ Kiv iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡| ZvQvov gvbyl me mgq cwievi-cwiRb I AvwZ¥q-mRb cwi‡ewóZ mgv‡R emevm Ki‡Z fvjev‡m| KviY mgvRe× n‡q _vK‡j gvby‡li Rxeb hvc‡b A‡bK mgvwRK myweav ‡fvM Kiv hvq| gvbyl mgvR †_‡K wew”Qbœ _vK‡j A‡bK mvgvwRK myweav †_‡K ewÂZ nq| GRb¨ kvwš—‡Z mgvR e× n‡q Rxeb hvcb Kiv c‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki †gŠwjK AwaKvi| bvMwiK‡`i GB AwaKvi i¶v Kiv iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡|

(10) : ‡fvU cÖ`v‡bi Ges †fvU cÖZ¨vnv‡ii AwaKvi|

e¨vL¨v : MY-cÖRvZvwš¿K iv‡óª ivóª cwiPvjbvi mKj ¶gZvi AwaKvix n‡”Q RbMb| ZvB ivóª cwiPvjbv msµvš— mKj †gŠwjK I mvaviY wel‡q wm×vš— MÖn‡bi †¶‡Î bvMwiK‡`i gZvgZ MÖnb Kiv iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡ Ges iv‡óªi mKj †gŠwjK I mvaviY wel‡q †fvU cÖ`vb ev †fvU cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv bvMwiK‡`i Aj½bxq AwaKvi|

we‡klY : MY-cÖRvZvwš¿K iv‡óªi GKgvÎ ivóªvwaKvix n‡”Q iv‡óªi RbMb| †m‡nZz ivóª cwiPvjbvi me©gq ¶gZvi AwaKvix n‡”Q iv‡óªi bvMwiKMb| MY-cÖRvZvwš¿K ivóª ‡h‡nZz m¤úyY©ZB RbMb KZ©„K kvwmZ ivóª, †m‡nZz ivóª cwiPvjbv msµvš— mKj Kv‡R RbM‡bi Ask MÖnb wbwðZ Ki‡Z Ges RbM‡bi gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z ivóª cwiPvjbvi e¨ve¯’v wbwðZ Ki‡Z Ges iv‡óªi Dci RbM‡bi me©vwaK wbqš¿b cÖwZôv Ki‡Z ivóª cwiPvjbv msµvš— mKj †gŠwjK I mvaviY weq‡l bvMwiK‡`i gZvgZ MÖnb Kiv iv‡óªi Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡ Ges ivóª cwiPvjbv msµvš— mKj †gŠwjK I mvaviY wel‡q cÖ‡Z¨K cÖvß eq¯‹ bvMwiK †fvU `vb Kivi ev cÖ`Ë †fvU cÖZ¨vnvi Kivi AwaKvix|

22. bvMwiK‡`i `vwqZ¡ : iv‡óªi cÖwZ bvMwiK‡`i wb‡b¥v³ `vwqZ¡ cvjb AZ¨vek¨K wnmv‡e M„nxZ- hvnv †g‡b Pjv cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Aek¨ cvjbxq `vwqZ¡| h_v-

(1) iv‡óªi cÖwZ AbyMZ _vKv|

(3) iv‡óªi AvBb-weavb I mvgvwRK wbqg-k„sLjv h_vh_fv‡e †g‡b Pjv|

(4) cÖ‡hvR¨ †Uvj-‡U· BZ¨vw` h_vmg‡q cwi‡kva Kiv|

gvbyl cwieZ©b Pvq-KviY gvbyl GLb GK Ae¯’v †_‡K Ab¨ Ae¯’vq cwieZ©‡bi P¨vwÄs c‡q‡›U G‡m Dcw¯’Z| ‡hLvb †_‡K †cQ‡b wd‡i hvIqvi my‡hvM ‡bB| GLv‡b gvby‡li PvIqv Avi cÖK…wZi cwieZ©bkxj wbqg GKvKvi n‡q †M‡Q| AZGe cwieZ©b n‡eB| GB cwieZ©b‡K †iva Kivi kw³ Kv‡iv †bB| GLb mgq n‡”Q cyivZb‡K cwiZ¨vM Kivi Avi bZzb‡K MÖnb Kivi| myZivs gvby‡li Dci cyivZ‡bi wb¯cÖvb-wbùjv e¨ve¯’v Pvwc‡q ‡i‡L gvby‡li Rxeb‡K `ywe©mn Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ AvU‡K ivLvi †h‡Kvb †Póv e¨v_© n‡Z eva¨| cyiv‡bv‡K AvK‡o a‡i gvby‡li Rxeb‡K `ytmn - `ywe©mn K‡i †Zvjvi †Kvb mydj †bB| cwieZ©‡bi w`‡K gvbyl‡K GwM‡q †h‡Z w`‡ZB n‡e| gvbyl cwieZ©‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Dcjwã Ki‡Q g‡g© g‡g©| gvby‡li Kv‡Q GLb GwU ¯úó n‡q D‡V‡Q †h, cwieZ©b Qvov Avi †Kvb mgvavb bvB, Avi †Kvb c_ bvB|

gvbyl cwieZ©‡bi `vex Zz‡j‡Q| GUv LyeB m½Z | ÔcwieZ©bÕ gvby‡li Kv‡Q Kvg¨B ïay bq, ÔcwieZ©bÕ PvIqv Ges ÔcwieZ©bÕ cÖvwß gvby‡li AwaKvi| cÖK…wZi Aj½bxq wbqg| gvbyl ZvB cwieZ©‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe Ki‡Q| gvbyl cwieZ©‡bi c‡_ G¸‡”Q| KviY gvbyl Rv‡b, cwieZ©b Ggwb Ggwb n‡q hv‡e bv, gvbyl‡KB K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| gnvKv‡ji evu‡K evu‡K hZ cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q-meB mvaviY gvbyl K‡i‡Q, mvaviY gvby‡li †Póv‡ZB n‡q‡Q| †Kvb ivóª bvqK wKsev ivRbxwZKiv eo †Kvb cwieZ©b KL‡bvB K‡ibwb| Zv Ki‡Z cv‡iI bv| Zviv me Kv‡jB cyiv‡bv‡K a‡i ivL‡Z gwiqv n‡q †Póv K‡i‡Q|KviY cyivZb e¨ve¯’vi g‡a¨ Zv‡`i m`‡c© wU‡K _vKvi wbðqZv i‡q‡Q, Ab¨vq I A‡hŠw³K myweav †fvM Kivi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| bZzb e¨ve¯’vq wK ‡_‡K wK nq-‡mB f‡q Zviv cyiv‡bv e¨ve¯’v‡K giY Kvgo w`‡q a‡i ivL‡Z †P‡q‡Q| Z‡e Zv‡`i GB PvIqv‡Z cwieZ©‡bi c_ AvU‡K _v‡Kwb KL‡bv-GL‡bv AvU‡K _vK‡e bv| gvbyl cwieZ©‡bi c‡_ GwM‡q hvq cÖvw_©e cª‡qvR‡b Ges cÖK…wZi Uv‡b| GB GwM‡q hvIqv †iva Kivi mva¨ Kv‡iv bvB| cwieZ©b Awbe©vh¨ I Aek¨¤¢vex| cwieZ©b n‡eB n‡e|

gvbyl cwieZ©b Pvq, wKš‘ cwieZ©‡bi ci bZzb e¨ve¯’v wK n‡e wKsev ‡Kvb c_-c×wZ‡Z gvby‡li cÖZ¨vkv cyi‡bvc‡hvMx ivwóªq e¨ve¯’v cÖwZôv Kiv m¤¢e n‡e-‡m wel‡q †Kvb my¯úó j¶¨-cwiKíbv ‡`LwQ bv| cwieZ©bKvgx gvby‡li mvg‡b GKwU j¶¨‡Zv Aek¨B _vK‡Z n‡e| gvby‡li cÖZ¨vkvi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L cwieZ©b mva‡bi Rb¨ GKwU Av`k© Aek¨B cÖ‡qvRb| gvbyl c_ LyuR‡Q cwieZ©‡bi, cwieZ©‡bi Dcvq LyuR‡Q Ges cwieZ©‡bi gva¨g LyuR‡Q| gvbyl cyiv‡bv e¨ve¯’vi wb‡®úlY †_‡K gyw³ PvB‡Q wVKB wKš‘ †KgbZ‡iv bZzb e¨ve¯’v Pvq-Zv my¯úó bq| †Kvb e¨ve¯’v cÖwZôv n‡j gvby‡li KvswLZ gyw³ cÖwZwôZ n‡e- Zv GL‡bv gvby‡li Kv‡Q ARvbv| gvbyl GB `ytmn-`ywe©mn µgvebwZkxj Ae¯’v †_‡K gyw³ Pvq mZ¨| wKš‘ gyw³ cvevi gva¨g wK ? gyw³ cvevi Dcvq wK ? gyw³ †c‡Z n‡j †Kvb& j¶¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L G¸‡Z n‡e Ges cyiv‡bv Ae¯’v cweZ¨vM Kivi ci †Kvb bZzb e¨ve¯’v cÖwZôv Kiv n‡j gvby‡li KvswLZ gyw³ AwR©Z n‡e-‡mwel‡q my¯úó †Kvb w`K wb‡`©kbv ev j¶¨-Mš—e¨ GLb gvby‡li mvg‡b †bB| ZvB gvbyl wew”Qbœ-wew¶ß, gvbyl j¶¨nxb, gvbyl Mš—e¨nxb, gvbyl AmsMwVZ| gvby‡li mvg‡b GLb †Kvb c_ wb‡`©kbv ev w`K wb‡`©kbv ‡bB| GB gyû‡Z© gvbyl‡K GKwU j‡¶¨i w`‡K GwM‡q †bqvi †¶‡Î ÔBDwbfvm©vj †W‡gvµ¨vmxÕB n‡Z cv‡i me †P‡q wbf©i‡hvM¨ j¶¨v`k©| GB j¶¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L GwM‡q ‡M‡j wbtm‡›`‡n gvbyl gyw³ jvf Ki‡e µgvebwZkxj GB `ywe©mn Ae¯’v †_‡K, gvby‡li Rxe‡b ¯^w¯’ I ¯^v”Q›` wd‡i Avm‡e, Abvwej kvwš—i cwi‡ek m„wó n‡e mgv‡R, ‡`‡k †`‡k, mviv we‡k¦|

Rq †nvK gvby‡li, Rq †nvK gvbeZvi

gyw³i Avb‡›` D‡ØwjZ ‡nvK

c„w_exi cÖwZwU gvby‡l gb,

Q‡›`-¯^v”Q‡›` f‡i DVyK cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Rxeb

kvwš— AvmyK `ywbqvi N‡i N‡i, mviv we‡k¦|

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